{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:35:10Z","timestamp":1760060110102,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Religions"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Under the ideas of \u2018hinges\u2019 and \u2018pictures\u2019, as these relate to deep disagreement, Wittgenstein\u2019s view of religious belief is a multifaceted challenge to conceptions of thought-world relations. In this article, I discuss Cora Diamond\u2019s analysis of this challenge. Diamond herself is not particularly interested in hinges; I try to understand why. I first bring in a discussion between Michael Williams and Duncan Pritchard on how to read On Certainty. This allows me to identify Diamond\u2019s perspective on deep disagreement and pictures: she concentrates on making sense, and not directly on knowledge. To further clarify her perspective, I introduce Hilary Putnam\u2019s reading of the Lectures on Religious Belief, which proposes a cognitivist view of religion as ethics, centering on the notion of picture. Although Diamond is close to Putnam, for her, the most important challenge posed by religious belief lies not with epistemological issues of rational versus arational grounds of belief, or cognitivism versus non-cognitivism in ethics, but rather in making us drop the Fregean (and Tractarian) idea of the thinkableness of all thoughts, making place for \u2018irreplaceable pictures\u2019. I end by suggesting that Diamond\u2019s analysis sheds light on often uncontested assumptions about the natures of thought and communication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rel16081024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,8]],"date-time":"2025-08-08T08:09:35Z","timestamp":1754640575000},"page":"1024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Thinkableness of All Thoughts and the Irreplaceability of Pictures: Cora Diamond on Religious Belief"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8656-2447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Miguens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Philosophy and Institute of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Porto, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Austin, J. L. (1962). Sense and Sensibilia, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Urmson, J. O., and Warnock, G. J. (1970). Other Minds. Philosophical Papers, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carmona, Carla, P\u00e9rez-Chico, David, and Tejedor, Chon (2023). Situated Judgements as a New Model for Intercultural Communication. Intercultural Understanding After Wittgenstein, Anthem Press.","DOI":"10.2307\/jj.766970"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Contextualism in Context: Interview with Michael Williams","volume":"XI","author":"Couto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Avant"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diamond, Cora (1991). The Realist Spirit, MIT Press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/5797.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Ruhr, Mario von der (2005). Wittgenstein on Religious Belief: The Gulfs Between Us. 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Putnam, Wittgenstein and Verification","volume":"73","author":"Diamond","year":"2003","journal-title":"Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.22329\/il.v7i1.2696","article-title":"The Logic of Deep Disagreements","volume":"7","author":"Fogelin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Informal Logic"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1080\/09672559.2017.1411011","article-title":"De-Idealizing Disagreement, Rethinking Relativism","volume":"26","author":"Kinzel","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Philosophical Studies"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1093\/monist\/onaa013","article-title":"The Human Face of Realism\u2014Putnam and Diamond on the ethical \u2018gulfs between us","volume":"103","author":"Miguens","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Monist"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pritchard, Duncan (2016). 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Descriptions of Situations\u2014An Essay in Contextualist Epistemology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00154-4"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Williams, Michael (1991). Unnatural Doubts, Princeton University Press."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marchesan, Eduardo, and Zapero, David (2019). Beyond Unnatural Doubts. Context, Truth and Objectivity, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315106250"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1966). Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology and Religious Belief, Blackwell."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1972). On Certainty, Harper and Row. First published 1969."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1974). Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, Routledge and Kegan Paul. First published 1961."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Winch, Peter (1984). Culture and Value, The University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Anscombe, G. E. M. 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Lecture on Ethics, Wiley-Blackwell.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118887103"}],"container-title":["Religions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-1444\/16\/8\/1024\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T18:25:43Z","timestamp":1760034343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-1444\/16\/8\/1024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["rel16081024"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rel16081024","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-1444"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2077-1444"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]]}}}