{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T07:14:57Z","timestamp":1773126897890,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Resources"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The recognition of the effects of fossil fuel consumption resulted in several agreements, legislation, and projects focusing on the minimization of impacts caused. Biomass is a versatile energy source. Eucalyptus is a fast-growing crop, mainly used by the pulp and paper industry. Torrefaction is a thermochemical conversion process that can improve biomass fuel properties, enabling its use in the energy sector. However, correct management of biomass is crucial for the sustainability of this process. Torrefaction can also be used to eliminate some elements that can hinder subsequent conversion processes. One example is chlorine, which, during combustion or gasification processes, can form hydrochloric acid that leads to corrosion of metal surfaces. In this context, this research aimed to determine the temperature at which chlorine is eliminated during torrefaction process. For this purpose, several tests were performed at different temperatures and residence times. All samples were analyzed before and after the process, and were characterized by proximate and elemental analysis, calorimetry, and chlorine titration. The analysis showed that, even for the lowest torrefaction temperature used, chlorine content was already below the detection value, showing that, even at lower temperatures, thermal treatment is an efficient technique for the elimination of chlorine from biomass.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/resources9050054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T03:29:39Z","timestamp":1588562979000},"page":"54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Torrefaction as a Pretreatment Technology for Chlorine Elimination from Biomass: A Case Study Using Eucalyptus globulus Labill"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Let\u00edcia C. R.","family":"S\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"YGE\u2014Yser Green Energy SA, \u00c1rea de Acolhimento Empresarial de \u00dal\/Loureiro, Lote 17, 3720-075 Loureiro OAZ, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Liliana M. E. F.","family":"Loureiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"YGE\u2014Yser Green Energy SA, \u00c1rea de Acolhimento Empresarial de \u00dal\/Loureiro, Lote 17, 3720-075 Loureiro OAZ, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5404-8163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonel J. R.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"proMetheus\u2014Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Materiais, Energia e Ambiente para a Sustentabilidade, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua da Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun\u2019Alvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"GOVCOPP\u2014Unidade de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Governan\u00e7a, Competitividade e Pol\u00edticas P\u00fablicas, DEGEIT\u2014Departamento de Economia, Gest\u00e3o, Engenharia Industrial e Turismo, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2472-3265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ad\u00e9lio M. M.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPAE\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de Engenharia de Processos, Ambiente e Energia, FEUP\u2014Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2007.05.001","article-title":"Energy, environment and sustainable development","volume":"12","author":"Omer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"53","article-title":"Suffering the Science: Climate change, people, and poverty","volume":"5","author":"Renton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oxfam Policy Pract. Clim. Chang. 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