{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T15:45:31Z","timestamp":1778082331359,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-1-NO01-KA203-076540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-1-NO01-KA203-076540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Robotics"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As a result of several governments closing educational facilities in reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, almost 80% of the world\u2019s students were not in school for several weeks. Schools and universities are thus increasing their efforts to leverage educational resources and provide possibilities for remote learning. A variety of educational programs, platforms, and technologies are now accessible to support student learning; while these tools are important for society, they are primarily concerned with the dissemination of theoretical material. There is a lack of support for hands-on laboratory work and practical experience. This is particularly important for all disciplines related to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), where labs and pedagogical assets must be continuously enhanced in order to provide effective study programs. In this study, we describe a unique perspective to achieving multi-sensory learning through the integration of virtual and augmented reality (VR\/AR) with haptic wearables in STEM education. We address the implications of a novel viewpoint on established pedagogical notions. We want to encourage worldwide efforts to make fully immersive, open, and remote laboratory learning a reality.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics11020041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]],"date-time":"2022-03-31T21:34:29Z","timestamp":1648762469000},"page":"41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["A Perspective Review on Integrating VR\/AR with Haptics into STEM Education for Multi-Sensory Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1437-8368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Sanfilippo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Agder (UiA), 4879 Grimstad, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2858-328X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomas","family":"Blazauskas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu Str. 50, 51368 Kaunas, Lithuania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9170-4051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gionata","family":"Salvietti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8035-4703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, University of Minho, R. da Universidade, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2394-4859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silviu","family":"Vert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimedia Research Centre, Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300006 Timisoara, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6860-1652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaziar","family":"Radianti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, University of Agder (UiA), 4630 Kristiansand, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2581-9285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Majchrzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, University of Agder (UiA), 4630 Kristiansand, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1369-6567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Systems, University of Minho, R. da Universidade, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (2021, May 06). 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