{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T04:57:36Z","timestamp":1773723456497,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]],"date-time":"2019-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coastal video monitoring has been proven to be a valuable shore-based remote-sensing technique to study coastal processes, as it offers the possibility of high-frequency, continuous and autonomous observations of the coastal area. However, the installation of a video systems infrastructure requires economical and technical efforts, along with being often limited by logistical constraints. This study presents methodological approaches to exploit \u201csurfcam\u201d internet streamed images for quantitative scientific studies. Two different methodologies to collect the required ground control points (GCPs), both during fieldwork and using web tools freely available are presented, in order to establish a rigorous geometric connection between terrestrial and image spaces. The application of an image projector tool allowed the estimation of the unknown camera parameters necessary to georectify the online streamed images. Three photogrammetric procedures are shown, distinct both in the design of the computational steps and in number of GCPs available to solve the spatial resection system. Results showed the feasibility of the methodologies to generate accurate rectified planar images, with the best horizontal projection accuracy of 1.3 m compatible with that required for a quantitative analysis of coastal processes. The presented methodologies can turn \u201csurfcam\u201d infrastructures and any online streaming beach cam, into fully remote shore-based observational systems, fostering the use of these freely available images for the study of nearshore morphodynamics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11010078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]],"date-time":"2019-01-04T11:34:26Z","timestamp":1546601666000},"page":"78","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Operational Use of Surfcam Online Streaming Images for Coastal Morphodynamic Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0185-7802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Umberto","family":"Andriolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8642-2436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geo-Environmental Cartography and Remote Sensing Group, Department of Cartographic Engineering, Geodesy and Photogrammetry, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00ed de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Taborda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.2112\/1551-5036(2004)020[0523:DSPIBO]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Decadal Scale Patterns in Beach Oscillation and Rotation Narrabeen Beach, Australia\u2014Time Series, PCA and Wavelet Analysis","volume":"202","author":"Short","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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