{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:29:58Z","timestamp":1772252998909,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A new all-weather land surface temperature (LST) product derived at the Satellite Application Facility on Land Surface Analysis (LSA-SAF) is presented. It is the first all-weather LST product based on visible and infrared observations combining clear-sky LST retrieved from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager on Meteosat Second Generation (MSG\/SEVIRI) infrared (IR) measurements with LST estimated with a land surface energy balance (EB) model to fill gaps caused by clouds. The EB model solves the surface energy balance mostly using products derived at LSA-SAF. The new product is compared with in situ observations made at 3 dedicated validation stations, and with a microwave (MW)-based LST product derived from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) measurements. The validation against in-situ LST indicates an accuracy of the new product between -0.8 K and 1.1 K and a precision between 1.0 K and 1.4 K, generally showing a better performance than the MW product. The EB model shows some limitations concerning the representation of the LST diurnal cycle. Comparisons with MW LST generally show higher LST of the new product over desert areas, and lower LST over tropical regions. Several other imagers provide suitable measurements for implementing the proposed methodology, which offers the potential to obtain a global, nearly gap-free LST product.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11243044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T03:19:36Z","timestamp":1576811976000},"page":"3044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["An All-Weather Land Surface Temperature Product Based on MSG\/SEVIRI Observations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o P. A.","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), 1749-077 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), FCUL, 1747-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8640-9170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel F.","family":"Trigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), 1749-077 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), FCUL, 1747-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Ghilain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Meteorological Institute, Ringlaan 3, B-1180 Ukkel, Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Estellus, 75020 Paris, France"},{"name":"LERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 75000 Paris, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5836-5430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank-M.","family":"G\u00f6ttsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-IFU, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0737-0824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia L.","family":"Ermida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), 1749-077 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), FCUL, 1747-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Folke-S.","family":"Olesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-IFU, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7oise","family":"Gellens-Meulenberghs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Meteorological Institute, Ringlaan 3, B-1180 Ukkel, Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Alirio","family":"Arboleda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Meteorological Institute, Ringlaan 3, B-1180 Ukkel, Brussels, Belgium"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1923(95)02259-Z","article-title":"Terminology in thermal infrared remote sensing of natural surfaces","volume":"77","author":"Norman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Agric. 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