{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T08:37:27Z","timestamp":1769330247311,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","award":["XDA19070202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDA19070202"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004613","name":"China Geological Survey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DD20160342, DD20190515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DD20160342, DD20190515"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004613","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS","award":["QYZDY-SSW-DQC026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QYZDY-SSW-DQC026"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["41590852, 41001264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41590852, 41001264"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018537","name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016ZX05054013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016ZX05054013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Geological disasters are responsible for the loss of human lives and for significant economic and financial damage every year. Considering that these disasters may occur anywhere\u2014both in remote and\/or in highly populated areas\u2014and anytime, continuously monitoring areas known to be more prone to geohazards can help to determine preventive or alert actions to safeguard human life, property and businesses. Remote sensing technology\u2014especially satellite-based\u2014can be of help due to its high spatial and temporal coverage. Indeed, data acquired from the most recent satellite missions is considered suitable for a detailed reconstruction of past events but also to continuously monitor sensitive areas on the lookout for potential geohazards. This work aims to apply different techniques and methods for extensive exploitation and analysis of remote sensing data, with special emphasis given to landslide hazard, risk management and disaster prevention. Multi-temporal SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) interferometry, SAR tomography, high-resolution image matching and data modelling are used to map out landslides and other geohazards and to also monitor possible hazardous geological activity, addressing different study areas: (i) surface deformation of mountain slopes and glaciers; (ii) land surface displacement; and (iii) subsidence, landslides and ground fissure. Results from both the processing and analysis of a dataset of earth observation (EO) multi-source data support the conclusion that geohazards can be identified, studied and monitored in an effective way using new techniques applied to multi-source EO data. As future work, the aim is threefold: extend this study to sensitive areas located in different countries; monitor structures that have strategic, cultural and\/or economical relevance; and resort to artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to be able to analyse the huge amount of data generated by satellite missions and extract useful information in due course.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13214269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T22:07:11Z","timestamp":1635113231000},"page":"4269","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Geohazards Monitoring and Assessment Using Multi-Source Earth Observation Techniques"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4533-930X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim J.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Department, School of Science and Technology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Robotics in Industry and Intelligent Systems (CRIIS), INESC Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China"}]},{"given":"Jinghui","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Perski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carpathian Branch, Polish Geological Institute\u2014National Research Institute, 31-560 Cracow, Poland"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Steger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Earth Observation, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1699-0825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shibiao","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China"}]},{"given":"Lianhuan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7776-6544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Salvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, National Earthquake Observatory, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Highway Engineering Consultants Corporation, Beijing 100081, China"}]},{"given":"Jienan","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Liqiang","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources, Beijing 100083, China"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Mayrhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Earth Observation, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9112-0897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Sonnenschein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Earth Observation, Eurac Research, 39100 Bolzano, Italy"}]},{"given":"Shanjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}]},{"given":"Yachun","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7378-0712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiano","family":"Tolomei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, National Earthquake Observatory, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8632-9979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Bignami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, National Earthquake Observatory, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Atzori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, National Earthquake Observatory, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Pezzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, National Earthquake Observatory, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}]},{"given":"Shiyong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5669-7976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuel","family":"Peres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Department, School of Science and Technology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Robotics in Industry and Intelligent Systems (CRIIS), INESC Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, 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