{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T13:57:56Z","timestamp":1778162276657,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/CEC\/50021\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/CEC\/50021\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/EEI-HAC\/31819\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EEI-HAC\/31819\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Designing synthetic-aperture radar image formation systems can be challenging due to the numerous options of algorithms and devices that can be used. There are many SAR image formation algorithms, such as backprojection, matched-filter, polar format, Range\u2013Doppler and chirp scaling algorithms. Each algorithm presents its own advantages and disadvantages considering efficiency and image quality; thus, we aim to introduce some of the most common SAR image formation algorithms and compare them based on these two aspects. Depending on the requisites of each individual system and implementation, there are many device options to choose from, for instance, FPGAs, GPUs, CPUs, many-core CPUs, and microcontrollers. We present a review of the state of the art of SAR imaging systems implementations. We also compare such implementations in terms of power consumption, execution time, and image quality for the different algorithms used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14051258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]],"date-time":"2022-03-06T20:40:02Z","timestamp":1646599202000},"page":"1258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["A Review of Synthetic-Aperture Radar Image Formation Algorithms and Implementations: A Computational Perspective"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2709-867X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Cruz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC-ID, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8556-4507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"V\u00e9stias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC-ID, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, 1959-007 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0603-2268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC-ID, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3621-8322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hor\u00e1cio","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC-ID, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7060-4745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui Policarpo","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC-ID, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Celestia Portugal, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Soumekh, M. 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