{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:50:07Z","timestamp":1760230207708,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]],"date-time":"2022-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT) I.P.\/MCTES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50019\/2020","PTDC\/CTA-GEO\/28412\/2017","PD\/BD\/142781\/2018","PD\/BD\/106074\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50019\/2020","PTDC\/CTA-GEO\/28412\/2017","PD\/BD\/142781\/2018","PD\/BD\/106074\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Salt marshes are highly valued coastal environments for different services: coastline protection, biodiversity, and blue carbon. They are vulnerable to climate changes, particularly to sea-level rise. For this reason, it is essential to project the evolution of marsh areas until the end of the century. This work presents a reduced complexity model to quantify salt marshes\u2019 evolution in a sea-level rise (SLR) context through combining field and remote sensing data: SMRM (Simplified Marsh Response Model). SMRM is a two-dimensional rule-based model that requires four parameters: a digital terrain model (DTM), local tidal levels, a sea-level rise projection, and accretion rates. A MATLAB script completes the process, and the output is a GeoTIFF file. Two test areas were selected in Tr\u00f3ia sandspit (Set\u00fabal, Portugal). Additionally, a sensitivity analysis for each parameter\u2019s influence and a comparison with SLAMM (another rule-based model) were undertaken. The sensitivity analysis indicates that SLR is the most relevant parameter, followed by accretion rates. The comparison of SMRM with SLAMM shows quite similar results for both models. This new model application indicates that the studied salt marshes could be resilient to conservative sea-level rise scenarios but not to more severe sea-level rise projections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14143400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T01:53:22Z","timestamp":1658109202000},"page":"3400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Simplified Marsh Response Model (SMRM): A Methodological Approach to Quantify the Evolution of Salt Marshes in a Sea-Level Rise Context"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Miguel","family":"In\u00e1cio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Building C6, Floor 3, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Building C6, Floor 3, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2616-6637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Building C6, Floor 3, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Building C6, Floor 3, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Gra\u00e7a","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Building C6, Floor 3, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Building C6, Floor 3, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1855-0425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Building C6, Floor 3, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manel","family":"Leira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Building C6, Floor 3, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"BioCost Research Group, Facultade de Ciencias and Centro de Investigaci\u00f3ns Cient\u00edficas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade de A Coru\u00f1a, 15071 Corunha, Spain"},{"name":"Biodiversity and Applied Botany Research Group, Departamento de Bot\u00e1nica, Facultade de Biolox\u00eda, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Building C6, Floor 3, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Building C6, Floor 3, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8451-9437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9sar","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Geologia, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Building C6, Floor 3, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Building C6, Floor 3, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago Adri\u00e3o","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences, and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"2167","article-title":"Salt-marsh processes: A review","volume":"12","author":"Vernberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1890\/110004","article-title":"A blueprint for blue carbon: Toward an improved understanding of the role of vegetated coastal habitats in sequestering CO2","volume":"9","author":"McLeod","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front. Ecol. 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