{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T13:28:31Z","timestamp":1776778111122,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"BiodivERsA","award":["UIDB\/00329\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00329\/2020"]}]},{"name":"BiodivERsA","award":["LA\/P\/0121\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0121\/2020"]}]},{"name":"BiodivERsA","award":["SFRH\/BD\/141822\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/141822\/2018"]}]},{"name":"BiodivERsA","award":["NCN\/2016\/22\/Z\/NZ8\/00004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCN\/2016\/22\/Z\/NZ8\/00004"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) of the Portuguese Government","award":["UIDB\/00329\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00329\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) of the Portuguese Government","award":["LA\/P\/0121\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0121\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) of the Portuguese Government","award":["SFRH\/BD\/141822\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/141822\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) of the Portuguese Government","award":["NCN\/2016\/22\/Z\/NZ8\/00004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCN\/2016\/22\/Z\/NZ8\/00004"]}]},{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes","award":["UIDB\/00329\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00329\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes","award":["LA\/P\/0121\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0121\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes","award":["SFRH\/BD\/141822\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/141822\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Centre for Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Changes","award":["NCN\/2016\/22\/Z\/NZ8\/00004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCN\/2016\/22\/Z\/NZ8\/00004"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/00329\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00329\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["LA\/P\/0121\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0121\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["SFRH\/BD\/141822\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/141822\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["NCN\/2016\/22\/Z\/NZ8\/00004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCN\/2016\/22\/Z\/NZ8\/00004"]}]},{"name":"National Science Center Poland","award":["UIDB\/00329\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00329\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Science Center Poland","award":["LA\/P\/0121\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0121\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Science Center Poland","award":["SFRH\/BD\/141822\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/141822\/2018"]}]},{"name":"National Science Center Poland","award":["NCN\/2016\/22\/Z\/NZ8\/00004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCN\/2016\/22\/Z\/NZ8\/00004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urban biodiversity and ecosystem services depend on the quality, quantity, and connectivity of urban green areas (UGAs), which are crucial for enhancing urban livability and resilience. However, assessing these connectivity metrics in urban landscapes often suffers from outdated land cover classifications and insufficient spatial resolution. Spectral data from Earth Observation, though promising, remains underutilized in analyzing UGAs\u2019 connectivity. This study tests the impact of dataset choices on UGAs\u2019 connectivity assessment, comparing land cover classification (Urban Atlas) and spectral data (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI). Conducted in seven European cities, the analysis included 219 UGAs of varying sizes and connectivity levels, using three connectivity metrics (size, proximity index, and surrounding green area) at different spatial scales. The results showed substantial disparities in connectivity metrics, especially at finer scales and shorter distances. These differences are more pronounced in cities with contiguous UGAs, where Urban Atlas faces challenges related to typology issues and minimum mapping units. Overall, spectral data provides a more comprehensive and standardized evaluation of UGAs\u2019 connectivity, reducing reliance on local typology classifications. Consequently, we advocate for integrating spectral data into UGAs\u2019 connectivity analysis to advance urban biodiversity and ecosystem services research. This integration offers a comprehensive and standardized framework for guiding urban planning and management practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16050771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]],"date-time":"2024-02-22T11:28:47Z","timestamp":1708601327000},"page":"771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Urban Green Connectivity Assessment: A Comparative Study of Datasets in European Cities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3293-476X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiana","family":"Aleixo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"cE3c\u2014Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8294-7924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Branquinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cE3c\u2014Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2215-7298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauri","family":"Laanisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8358-0797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Tryjanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, PL 60-625 Poznan, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3078-2192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00dclo","family":"Niinemets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5845-3198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7582-1450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roeland","family":"Samson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Ecology, Research Group of Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5571-9619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cE3c\u2014Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2022.104078","article-title":"Designing green infrastructure and sustainable drainage systems in urban development to achieve multiple ecosystem benefits","volume":"85","author":"Chapman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain. 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