{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T01:42:40Z","timestamp":1768786960772,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)\/DECIT of Brazil","award":["444761\/2023-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["444761\/2023-3"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)\/DECIT of Brazil","award":["174673\/2023-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["174673\/2023-0"]}]},{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)\/DECIT of Brazil","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["101236396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101236396"]}]},{"name":"the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["PID2024-158786NB-C21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2024-158786NB-C21"]}]},{"name":"the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["PID2024-158786NB-C22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2024-158786NB-C22"]}]},{"name":"the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["PID2020-117825GB-C21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-117825GB-C21"]}]},{"name":"the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["PID2020-117825GB-C22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-117825GB-C22"]}]},{"name":"the University of Granada Plan Propio","award":["LS2022-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LS2022-1"]}]},{"name":"the strategic network ACTRIS-Espa\u00f1a","award":["RED2022-134824-E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RED2022-134824-E"]}]},{"name":"FCT \u2013 Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UID\/06107\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/06107\/2023"]}]},{"name":"the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie grant","award":["101168425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101168425"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the atmospheric boundary layer height (ABLH) is a highly relevant parameter for various meteorological studies, the analysis of its behavior remains undersampled in South America, especially in Brazil. In this context, this work presents a monthly characterization of the ABLH during the convective period (Convective Boundary Layer Height-CBLH) using radiosonde data and a comparison between the monthly patterns obtained from ERA5 and COSMIC-2 data. The results demonstrate that, based on radiosonde data, the CBLH can be grouped into six regions (Northern Amazon, North, Northeast, Midwest, Southeast, and South), with seasonality varying according to the continentality and the climate to which they are exposed. The ERA5 and COSMIC-2 data show considerable agreement for most of the year [average absolute difference of [362 \u00b1 182] m] and demonstrate the same seasonality observed in radiosondes for the North Amazon, North, Northeast, Southeast, and South regions. The highest discrepancies between ERA5 and COSMIC-2 occur during the fire season, mainly at Midwest region, reaching 802 m in July, likely linked to the sensitivity of the COSMIC-2 to fire plumes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs17223672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T11:47:27Z","timestamp":1762775247000},"page":"3672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Monthly Convective Boundary Layer Height Study over Brazil Using Radiosonde, ERA5, and COSMIC-2 Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4698-0510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregori","family":"de Arruda Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of S\u00e3o Paulo (IFSP), Department of Sciences and Mathematics (DCM), S\u00e3o Paulo 01109-101, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7250-5625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas","family":"P\u00e9rez Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), University of Granada, 18006 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8091-7048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gin\u00e9s","family":"Garn\u00e9s Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UR, UK"},{"name":"Center for Sci-Tech Research in Earth System and Energy\u2014CREATE, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2981-2232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sci-Tech Research in Earth System and Energy\u2014CREATE, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8801-7434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Cacheffo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pontal Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences (ICENP), Federal University of Uberl\u00e2ndia (UFU), Campus Pontal, Ituiutaba 38304-402, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3397-1183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samara","family":"Carbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICIAG), Federal University of Uberl\u00e2ndia (UFU), Uberl\u00e2nda 38408-100, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7243-7197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio Juliano da Silva","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (ICAQF), Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (UNIFESP), Campus Diadema, Diadema 09913-030, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7806-5013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Abril-Gago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), University of Granada, 18006 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1157-8521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juana","family":"And\u00fajar-Maqueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), University of Granada, 18006 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2785-6648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edicl\u00ea","family":"de Souza Fernandes Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sci-Tech Research in Earth System and Energy\u2014CREATE, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0169-9231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanda Cristina","family":"Pires Salgueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sci-Tech Research in Earth System and Energy\u2014CREATE, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2334-4055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Bortoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Sci-Tech Research in Earth System and Energy\u2014CREATE, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-671 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8317-2304","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Luis","family":"Guerrero-Rascado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Andalusian Institute for Earth System Research (IISTA-CEAMA), University of Granada, 18006 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-16-433-2023","article-title":"Atmospheric boundary layer height from ground-based remote sensing: A review of capabilities and limitations","volume":"16","author":"Kotthaus","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atmos. 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