{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T17:30:44Z","timestamp":1767634244115,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ruminants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Prolonged drought and resource scarcity have limited feed availability for livestock in arid and semi-arid regions, necessitating strategic resource management to sustain cattle productivity. This study evaluated the use of spineless cactus as an alternative feed ingredient for ruminants in dryland areas. The experiment assessed in vitro cumulative gas production from silages of Mi\u00fada forage cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck) combined with Tifton 85 Bermuda Grass (Cynodon sp.) hay and varying levels of urea (1%, 2%, and 3% on a dry matter basis) as a nitrogen source. Traditional supplements comprising Tifton hay, wheat bran, soybean meal, and urea served as controls. Kinetic organic matter degradation parameters exceeded 60%. Dry matter degradability was similar across all urea levels at six hours but diverged over time, with the 3% urea treatment showing lower degradability at 48 and 96 h. Organic matter degradability varied throughout incubation, with the 2% urea treatment performing best. Overall, these findings suggest that silage made from native Mi\u00fada forage cactus combined with Tifton hay and up to 2% urea can serve as an effective alternative roughage to meet the nutritional requirements of ruminants, particularly during periods of feed scarcity in arid environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ruminants6010004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T12:38:56Z","timestamp":1767616736000},"page":"4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimizing a Mix of Forage Cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera), Tifton (Cynodon sp.) Hay and Urea for Efficient Feeding of Ruminants in the Brazilian Semi-Arid Ecotype"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9260-0350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iran A.","family":"Torquato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern Biotechnology Network\u2014RENORBIO, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49107-230, SE, Brazil"},{"name":"Federal Institute of the Sert\u00e3o Pernambucano, Campus Floresta, Floresta 56400-000, PE, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8625-978X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meirielly","family":"Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISAS\u2014Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-367 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5687-7114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Mata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISAS\u2014Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-367 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Zoot\u00e9cnica Nacional, Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria (INIAV), 2784-424 Vale de Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0043-2068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISAS\u2014Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-367 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4418-5487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hort\u00eancia E. P.","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern Biotechnology Network\u2014RENORBIO, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49107-230, SE, Brazil"}]},{"given":"J\u00falia M. S. C.","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Institute of the Sert\u00e3o Pernambucano, Campus Floresta, Floresta 56400-000, PE, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2977-4013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cleber T. F.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Institute of the Sert\u00e3o Pernambucano, Campus Floresta, Floresta 56400-000, PE, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2266-4428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel P.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern Biotechnology Network\u2014RENORBIO, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49107-230, SE, Brazil"},{"name":"CISAS\u2014Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-367 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Biotechnology PROBIO, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49107-230, SE, Brazil"},{"name":"Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49107-230, SE, Brazil"},{"name":"PPGPI\u2014Graduate Program in Intellectual Property Science, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49107-230, SE, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1550-6341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise S.","family":"Ruzene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northeastern Biotechnology Network\u2014RENORBIO, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49107-230, SE, Brazil"},{"name":"CISAS\u2014Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-367 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Biotechnology PROBIO, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49107-230, SE, Brazil"},{"name":"Center for Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Sergipe, S\u00e3o Crist\u00f3v\u00e3o 49107-230, SE, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/agj2.20954","article-title":"Forage Conservation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Review of Experiences, Challenges, and Opportunities","volume":"114","author":"Balehegn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agron. 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