{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T11:25:39Z","timestamp":1772969139003,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,7]],"date-time":"2016-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A magnetoresistive tactile sensor is reported, which is capable of working in high temperatures up to 140 \u00b0C. Hair-like bioinspired structures, known as cilia, made out of permanent magnetic nanocomposite material on top of spin-valve giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors are used for tactile sensing at high temperatures. The magnetic nanocomposite, consisting of iron nanowires incorporated into the polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), is very flexible, biocompatible, has high remanence, and is also resilient to antagonistic sensing ambient. When the cilia come in contact with a surface, they deflect in compliance with the surface topology. This yields a change of the GMR sensor signal, enabling the detection of extremely fine features. The spin-valve is covered with a passivation layer, which enables adequate performance in spite of harsh environmental conditions, as demonstrated in this paper for high temperature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s16050650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,9]],"date-time":"2016-05-09T10:05:24Z","timestamp":1462788324000},"page":"650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["A Magnetoresistive Tactile Sensor for Harsh Environment Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3244-0644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Alfadhel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6913-6529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC-Microsystems and Nanotechnologies (INESC-MN), Rua Alves Redol, 9, Lisbon 1000-029, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico IST, Physics Department, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8419-2967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Leitao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC-Microsystems and Nanotechnologies (INESC-MN), Rua Alves Redol, 9, Lisbon 1000-029, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico IST, Physics Department, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon 1049-001, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8998-8275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Kosel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2002.802720","article-title":"Dexterous anthropomorphic robot hand with distributed tactile sensor: Gifu hand II","volume":"7","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE ASME Trans. 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