{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:57:29Z","timestamp":1760241449474,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]],"date-time":"2018-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT (Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia)","award":["UID\/CEC\/00408\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/CEC\/00408\/2013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The advent of cooperative systems entails a dynamic composition of their components. As this contrasts current, statically composed systems, new approaches for maintaining their safety are required. In that endeavor, we propose an integration step that evaluates the failure model of shared information in relation to an application\u2019s fault tolerance and thereby promises maintainability of such system\u2019s safety. However, it also poses new requirements on failure models, which are not fulfilled by state-of-the-art approaches. Consequently, this work presents a mathematically defined generic failure model as well as a processing chain for automatically extracting such failure models from empirical data. By examining data of an Sharp GP2D12 distance sensor, we show that the generic failure model not only fulfills the predefined requirements, but also models failure characteristics appropriately when compared to traditional techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s18030925","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]],"date-time":"2018-03-20T15:59:39Z","timestamp":1521561579000},"page":"925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Generic Sensor Failure Modeling for Cooperative Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Georg","family":"J\u00e4ger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Otto-von-Guericke Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg, Embedded Smart Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Zug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otto-von-Guericke Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg, Embedded Smart Systems, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5522-5739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Casimiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LASIGE, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birolini, A. 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