{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T05:22:27Z","timestamp":1776489747281,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]],"date-time":"2020-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["SFRH\/BD\/140273\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/140273\/2018"]}]},{"name":"FCT - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["PTDC\/CCI-COM\/28618\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/CCI-COM\/28618\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Porto Hospital Center (CHP)","award":["BI.02\/2018\/UCA\/CHP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BI.02\/2018\/UCA\/CHP"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery is the gold standard therapeutic intervention in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) with motor complications, notwithstanding drug therapy. In the intraoperative evaluation of DBS\u2019s efficacy, neurologists impose a passive wrist flexion movement and qualitatively describe the perceived decrease in rigidity under different stimulation parameters and electrode positions. To tackle this subjectivity, we designed a wearable device to quantitatively evaluate the wrist rigidity changes during the neurosurgery procedure, supporting physicians in decision-making when setting the stimulation parameters and reducing surgery time. This system comprises a gyroscope sensor embedded in a textile band for patient\u2019s hand, communicating to a smartphone via Bluetooth and has been evaluated on three datasets, showing an average accuracy of 80%. In this work, we present a system that has seen four iterations since 2015, improving on accuracy, usability and reliability. We aim to review the work done so far, outlining the iHandU system evolution, as well as the main challenges, lessons learned, and future steps to improve it. We also introduce the last version (iHandU 4.0), currently used in DBS surgeries at S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o Hospital in Portugal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20020331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T03:59:57Z","timestamp":1578455997000},"page":"331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["iHandU: A Novel Quantitative Wrist Rigidity Evaluation Device for Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5563-8544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elodie","family":"M\u00farias Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC TEC and Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5012-789X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria do Carmo","family":"Vilas-Boas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC TEC and Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Hospital Santo Ant\u00f3nio, Unidade Corino de Andrade, E.P.E., 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8119-258X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duarte","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC TEC and Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology &amp; Movement Disorders and Functional Surgery Unit of Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, E.P.E., 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology &amp; Movement Disorders and Functional Surgery Unit of Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o, E.P.E., 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Neuroscience Centre, Hospital CUF Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4131-9045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Silva Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC TEC and Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.131045","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019 s disease: Clinical features and diagnosis Parkinson \u2019s disease: Clinical features and diagnosis","volume":"79","author":"Jankovic","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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