{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:21:05Z","timestamp":1760239265620,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, the temporary closure of physical activity and sports facilities, and the generalized cancellation or postponement of sports events have a massive impact on social and economic development. In this study, we explored the feasibility of using tracking data from a football match to assess interpersonal contact between individuals by calculating two measures of respiratory exposure. The dynamic tracking positioning of all players and referees during one international football match was analyzed. For each individual, two measures of respiratory exposure were calculated, based on the 2 m interpersonal distance recommendations for contact tracing for COVID-19 control. Overall, individuals spent a median of 0:12 mm:ss (IQR = 0:45 mm:ss) exposed to interpersonal contact of fewer than 2 m from others. The highest value of exposure was observed between two players of opposing teams (6:35 mm:ss). The results suggest that tracking data can be used to assess respiratory exposure to interpersonal contact in team sports, such as football. The measures of exposure calculated can be used to the prompt identification of high-risk contacts of COVID-19 cases during a match or a training session, but also the risk stratification of different sports and physical activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20216163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]],"date-time":"2020-10-29T21:21:00Z","timestamp":1604006460000},"page":"6163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Can Tracking Data Help in Assessing Interpersonal Contact Exposure in Team Sports during the COVID-19 Pandemic?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7874-4104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desporto e Sa\u00fade, Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-645 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-645 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, 1495-433 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3806-438X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romeu","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, 1495-433 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9432-1950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Folgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desporto e Sa\u00fade, Escola de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-645 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-645 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5515-3694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, 1495-433 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), 4475-690 Maia, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2165-2687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Travassos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, 1495-433 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Henrique","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3784-8198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adalberto","family":"Campos-Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Nacional de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Beckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, 1495-433 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1301-1078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, 1495-433 Oeiras, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020, July 10). 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