{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T15:35:32Z","timestamp":1774539332706,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Internet of Things (IoT) has been developing to become a free exchange of useful information between multiple real-world devices. Already spread all over the world in the most varied forms and applications, IoT devices need to overcome a series of challenges to respond to the new requirements and demands. The main focus of this manuscript is to establish good practices for the design of IoT devices (i.e., smart devices) with a focus on two main design challenges: power and connectivity. It groups IoT devices in passive, semi-passive, and active, giving details on multiple research topics. Backscatter communication, Wireless Power Transfer (WPT), Energy Harvesting (EH), chipless devices, Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT), and Wake-Up Radio (WUR) are some examples of the technologies that will be explored in this work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s20226420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T14:10:41Z","timestamp":1605017441000},"page":"6420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Challenges in Resource-Constrained IoT Devices: Energy and Communication as Critical Success Factors for Future IoT Deployment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1416-4191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felisberto","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Eletr\u00f3nica, Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es e Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3767-4538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Sinuta S.A., 3860-529 Estarreja, Portugal"},{"name":"ESTGV, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5588-7794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Pinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"ISEL\u2014Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6944-7757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9rgio I.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno Borges","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Eletr\u00f3nica, Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es e Inform\u00e1tica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(1982). 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