{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T18:12:28Z","timestamp":1775067148980,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Andr\u00e9 Filipe Sales Mendes\u2019s research was co-financed by the European Social Fund and Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n (Operational Programme 2014\u20132020 for Castilla y Le\u00f3n","award":["EDU\/556\/2019 BOCYL"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EDU\/556\/2019 BOCYL"]}]},{"name":"Junta De Castilla y Le\u00f3n\u2014Consejer\u00eda De Econom\u00eda Y Empleo: System for simulation and training in advanced techniques for the occupational risk prevention through the design of hybrid-reality environments with ref. J118.","award":["J 188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J 188"]}]},{"name":"Seed Funding ILIND\u2014Instituto Lus\u00f3fono de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento, COPELABS.","award":["UIDB\/04111\/2020."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04111\/2020."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The application of ubiquitous computing has increased in recent years, especially due to the development of technologies such as mobile computing, more accurate sensors, and specific protocols for the Internet of Things (IoT). One of the trends in this area of research is the use of context awareness. In agriculture, the context involves the environment, for example, the conditions found inside a greenhouse. Recently, a series of studies have proposed the use of sensors to monitor production and\/or the use of cameras to obtain information about cultivation, providing data, reminders, and alerts to farmers. This article proposes a computational model for indoor agriculture called IndoorPlant. The model uses the analysis of context histories to provide intelligent generic services, such as predicting productivity, indicating problems that cultivation may suffer, and giving suggestions for improvements in greenhouse parameters. IndoorPlant was tested in three scenarios of the daily life of farmers with hydroponic production data that were obtained during seven months of cultivation of radicchio, lettuce, and arugula. Finally, the article presents the results obtained through intelligent services that use context histories. The scenarios used services to recommend improvements in cultivation, profiles and, finally, prediction of the cultivation time of radicchio, lettuce, and arugula using the partial least squares (PLS) regression technique. The prediction results were relevant since the following values were obtained: 0.96 (R2, coefficient of determination), 1.06 (RMSEC, square root of the mean square error of calibration), and 1.94 (RMSECV, square root of the mean square error of cross validation) for radicchio; 0.95 (R2), 1.37 (RMSEC), and 3.31 (RMSECV) for lettuce; 0.93 (R2), 1.10 (RMSEC), and 1.89 (RMSECV) for arugula. Eight farmers with different functions on the farm filled out a survey based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). The results showed 92% acceptance regarding utility and 98% acceptance for ease of use.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21051631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T04:36:24Z","timestamp":1614314184000},"page":"1631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["IndoorPlant: A Model for Intelligent Services in Indoor Agriculture Based on Context Histories"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6354-6586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno Guilherme","family":"Martini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Computing Graduate Program, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Av. Unisinos 950, Bairro Cristo Rei, S\u00e3o Leopoldo, RS 93022-750, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3256-8069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilson Augusto","family":"Helfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Computing Graduate Program, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Av. Unisinos 950, Bairro Cristo Rei, S\u00e3o Leopoldo, RS 93022-750, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0358-2056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge Luis Vict\u00f3ria","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Computing Graduate Program, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Av. Unisinos 950, Bairro Cristo Rei, S\u00e3o Leopoldo, RS 93022-750, Brazil"},{"name":"Electrical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Av. Unisinos 950, Bairro Cristo Rei, S\u00e3o Leopoldo, RS 93022-750, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7088-2502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Regina C\u00e9lia","family":"Espinosa Modolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomic Engineering Undergraduate Program, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Av. Unisinos 950, Bairro Cristo Rei, S\u00e3o Leopoldo, RS 93022-750, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1253-458X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcio Rosa","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Av. Unisinos 950, Bairro Cristo Rei, S\u00e3o Leopoldo, RS 93022-750, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3496-5575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo Marques","family":"de Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Av. Unisinos 950, Bairro Cristo Rei, S\u00e3o Leopoldo, RS 93022-750, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Sales","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Expert Systems and Applications Lab\u2014ESALAB, Faculty of Science, University of Salamanca, Plaza de los Ca\u00eddos s\/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9981-4586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds Augusto","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Expert Systems and Applications Lab\u2014ESALAB, Faculty of Science, University of Salamanca, Plaza de los Ca\u00eddos s\/n, 37008 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratory of Embedded and Distribution Systems, University of Vale do Itaja\u00ed, Rua Uruguai 458, C.P. 360, Itaja\u00ed, SC 88302-901, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0446-9271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valderi Reis Quietinho","family":"Leithardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VALORIZA, Research Center for Endogenous Resources Valorization, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Portalegre, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1641\/0006-3568(2004)054[0909:WRAAEI]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Water resources: Agricultural and environmental issues","volume":"54","author":"Pimentel","year":"2004","journal-title":"BioScience"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matilla, D.M., Murciego, \u00c1.L., Bravo, D.M.J., Mendes, A.S., and Leithardt, V.R.Q. 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