{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T00:39:12Z","timestamp":1760402352310,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This case study explored how spatiotemporal data can develop key metrics to evaluate and understand elite soccer referees\u2019 performance during one elite soccer match. The dynamic position of players from both teams, the ball and three elite referees allowed to capture the following performance metrics: (i) assistant referees: alignment with the second last defender; (ii) referee: referee diagonal movement\u2014a position density was computed and a principal component analysis was carried to identify the directions of greatest variability; and (iii) referee: assessing the distance from the referee to the ball. All computations were processed when the ball was in-play and separated by 1st and 2nd halves. The first metric showed an alignment lower than 1 m between the assistant referee and the second last defender. The second metric showed that in the 1st half, the referee position ellipsis area was 548 m2, which increased during the 2nd half (671 m2). The third metric showed an increase in the distance from the referee to the ball and &gt;80% of the distance between 5\u201330 m during the 2nd half. The findings may be used as a starting point to elaborate normative behavior models from the referee\u2019s movement performance in soccer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21072541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T11:48:29Z","timestamp":1617623309000},"page":"2541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Match Analysis of Soccer Refereeing Using Spatiotemporal Data: A Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7874-4104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Desporto e Sa\u00fade, Escola de Sa\u00fade e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-812 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de \u00c9vora, 7000-812 \u00c9vora, Portugal"},{"name":"Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, 1495-433 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6605-9505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diogo","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2165-2687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Travassos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, 1495-433 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1301-1078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, 1495-433 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5515-3694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, 1495-433 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), 4475-690 Maia, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Call Accuracy and Distance from the Play: A Study with Brazilian Soccer Referees","volume":"4","author":"Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. 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