{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T19:44:06Z","timestamp":1773776646516,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006752","name":"University of Porto","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["demsso.mmc.PD9986"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["demsso.mmc.PD9986"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006752","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Professional drivers need constant attention during long driving periods and sometimes perform tasks outside the truck. Driving discomfort may justify inattention, but it does not explain post-driving accidents outside the vehicle. This study aims to study the discomfort developed during driving by analysing modified preferred postures, pressure applied at the interface with the seat, and changes in pre- and post-driving gait patterns. Each of the forty-four volunteers drove for two hours in a driving simulator. Based on the walking speed changes between the two gait cycles, three homogeneous study groups were identified. Two groups performed faster speeds, while one reduced it in the post-steering gait. While driving, the pressure at the interface and the area covered over the seat increased throughout the sample. Preferred driving postures differed between groups. No statistical differences were found between the groups in the angles between the segments (flexed and extended). Long-time driving develops local or whole-body discomfort, increasing interface pressure over time. While driving, drivers try to compensate by modifying their posture. After long steering periods, a change in gait patterns can be observed. These behaviours may result from the difficulties imposed on blood circulation by increasing pressure at this interface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21248492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T08:43:32Z","timestamp":1639989812000},"page":"8492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessing Post-Driving Discomfort and Its Influence on Gait Patterns"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4425-8575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko M.","family":"Cvetkovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Energy Transports and Aeronautics (PROA-LAETA), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Cognitive Robotics Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2600 AA Delft, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Denise","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Energy Transports and Aeronautics (PROA-LAETA), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Liberal Arts Department, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 15453, Kuwait"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8524-5503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Santos","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Energy Transports and Aeronautics (PROA-LAETA), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2008.09.005","article-title":"Assessment of perceived injury risks and priorities among truck drivers and trucking companies in Washington State","volume":"39","author":"Spielholz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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