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Most of the studies and comparisons are restricted to high-level languages (such as MATLAB\u00ae) and testing methods on classical benchmark mathematical functions. Specifically, the employment of swarm-based methods for solving energy-based acoustic localization problems is still in its inception and has not yet been extensively studied. As such, the present work marks the first comprehensive study of swarm-based optimization algorithms applied to the energy-based acoustic localization problem. To this end, a total of 10 different algorithms were subjected to an extensive set of simulations with the following aims: (1) to compare the algorithms\u2019 convergence performance and recognize novel, promising methods for solving the problem of interest; (2) to validate the importance (in convergence speed) of an intelligent swarm initialization for any swarm-based algorithm; (3) to analyze the methods\u2019 time efficiency when implemented in low-level languages and when executed on embedded processors. The obtained results disclose the high potential of some of the considered swarm-based optimization algorithms for the problem under study, showing that these methods can accurately locate acoustic sources with low latency and bandwidth requirements, making them highly attractive for edge computing paradigms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22051894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]],"date-time":"2022-02-28T20:11:57Z","timestamp":1646079117000},"page":"1894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Swarm Optimization for Energy-Based Acoustic Source Localization: A Comprehensive Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8584-4330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"F\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"COPELABS, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"VALORIZA\u2014Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Portalegre, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico n.10, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1111-3513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9rgio D.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COPELABS, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"VALORIZA\u2014Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Portalegre, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico n.10, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5537-6716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Slavisa","family":"Tomic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COPELABS, Universidade Lus\u00f3fona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7315-8739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Beko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Culioli, J.C. 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