{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T21:55:37Z","timestamp":1774130137644,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ERDF - European Regional Development Fund, through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation - COMPETE 2020 Programme under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement within project PRODUTECH4SC","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-046102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With the continuously growing usage of collaborative robots in industry, the need for achieving a seamless human\u2013robot interaction has also increased, considering that it is a key factor towards reaching a more flexible, effective, and efficient production line. As a prominent and prospective tool to support the human operator to understand and interact with robots, Augmented Reality (AR) has been employed in numerous human\u2013robot collaborative and cooperative industrial applications. Therefore, this systematic literature review critically appraises 32 papers\u2019 published between 2016 and 2021 to identify the main employed AR technologies, outline the current state of the art of augmented reality for human\u2013robot collaboration and cooperation, and point out future developments for this research field. Results suggest that this is still an expanding research field, especially with the advent of recent advancements regarding head-mounted displays (HMDs). Moreover, projector-based and HMDs developed approaches are showing promising positive influences over operator-related aspects such as performance, task awareness, and safety feeling, even though HMDs need further maturation in ergonomic aspects. Further research should focus on large-scale assessment of the proposed solutions in industrial environments, involving the solution\u2019s target audience, and on establishing standards and guidelines for developing AR assistance systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22072725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T21:23:55Z","timestamp":1648848235000},"page":"2725","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Augmented Reality for Human\u2013Robot Collaboration and Cooperation in Industrial Applications: A Systematic Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4604-2447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel de Moura","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC TEC\u2014Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7023-8562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Roberto","family":"Petry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC TEC\u2014Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8573-3147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Paulo","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC TEC\u2014Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-014-0334-4","article-title":"Industry 4.0","volume":"6","author":"Lasi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.3991\/ijim.v11i5.7072","article-title":"Industry 4.0 concept: Background and overview","volume":"11","author":"Rojko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Interact. Mob. Technol. IJIM"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2018.11.060","article-title":"Visual computing technologies to support the Operator 4.0","volume":"139","author":"Segura","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2020.106806","article-title":"A systematic review of Augmented Reality interfaces for collaborative industrial robots","volume":"149","author":"Manuri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castro, A., Silva, F., and Santos, V. (2021). Trends of Human-Robot Collaboration in Industry Contexts: Handover, Learning, and Metrics. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21124113"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1080\/01691864.2019.1636714","article-title":"Human\u2013robot interaction in industrial collaborative robotics: A literature review of the decade 2008\u20132017","volume":"33","author":"Hentout","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Robot."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2019.101921","article-title":"Terminology in safety of collaborative robotics","volume":"63","author":"Vicentini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Robot. Comput.-Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"ABB Group (2021, December 12). Leading Digital Technologies for Industry. Available online: https:\/\/global.abb\/group\/en."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"KUKA AG (2021, December 12). Industrial Intelligence 4.0 beyond Automation. Available online: https:\/\/www.kuka.com\/en-us."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"(2021, December 12). Rethink Robotics|Smart Collaborative Robots. Available online: https:\/\/www.rethinkrobotics.com\/."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"(2021, December 12). Collaborative Robotic Automation|Cobots from Universal Robots. Available online: https:\/\/www.universal-robots.com\/."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Comau (2021, December 12). Industrial Automation Company and Robotics. Available online: https:\/\/www.comau.com\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"(2021, December 12). Franka Emika\u2014The Robotics Company. Available online: https:\/\/www.franka.de\/."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2021, December 12). Yaskawa Europe\u2014Your First Choice for Automation. Available online: https:\/\/www.yaskawa.eu.com\/."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Techman Robot (2021, December 12). Collaborative Robots for a World of Applications. Available online: https:\/\/www.tm-robot.com\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechatronics.2018.02.009","article-title":"Survey on human\u2013robot collaboration in industrial settings: Safety, intuitive interfaces and applications","volume":"55","author":"Villani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mechatronics"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2021.107189","article-title":"An experimental human-robot collaborative disassembly cell","volume":"155","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Castelli, K., Zaki, A.M.A., Dmytriyev, Y., Carnevale, M., and Giberti, H. (2020). A feasibility study of a robotic approach for the gluing process in the footwear industry. Robotics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics10010006"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2848","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2020.2969951","article-title":"Collaborative human-robot framework for delicate sanding of complex shape surfaces","volume":"5","author":"Maric","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guerin, K.R., Lea, C., Paxton, C., and Hager, G.D. (2015, January 26\u201330). A framework for end-user instruction of a robot assistant for manufacturing. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), Seattle, WA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA.2015.7140065"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamon, E., Leonori, M., Kim, W., and Ajoudani, A. (August, January 31). Towards an intelligent collaborative robotic system for mixed case palletizing. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), Paris, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRA40945.2020.9196850"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2019.10.009","article-title":"Study of the application of a collaborative robot for machining tasks","volume":"41","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2020.10.003","article-title":"A machine learning approach for collaborative robot smart manufacturing inspection for quality control systems","volume":"51","author":"Brito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2014.2359006","article-title":"Toward welding robot with human knowledge: A remotely-controlled approach","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romero, D., Bernus, P., Noran, O., Stahre, J., and Fast-Berglund, \u00c5. (2016). The operator 4.0: Human cyber-physical systems & adaptive automation towards human\u2013automation symbiosis work systems. IFIP International Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-51133-7_80"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Romero, D., Stahre, J., Wuest, T., Noran, O., Bernus, P., Fast-Berglund, \u00c5., and Gorecky, D. (2016, January 29\u201331). Towards an operator 4.0 typology: A human\u2013centric perspective on the fourth industrial revolution technologies. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering (CIE46), Tianjin, China."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2018.10.032","article-title":"Smart and cognitive solutions for Operator 4.0: Laboratory H-CPPS case studies","volume":"139","author":"Papcun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"1321","article-title":"A taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays","volume":"77","author":"Milgram","year":"1994","journal-title":"IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1997.6.4.355","article-title":"A survey of augmented reality","volume":"6","author":"Azuma","year":"1997","journal-title":"Presence Teleoper. Virtual Environ."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2019.02.003","article-title":"Augmented reality in support of Industry 4.0\u2014Implementation challenges and success factors","volume":"58","author":"Masood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Robot. Comput.-Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2019.07.002","article-title":"Adopting augmented reality in the age of industrial digitalisation","volume":"115","author":"Masood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Ind."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2020.02.010","article-title":"Smart augmented reality instructional system for mechanical assembly towards worker-centered intelligent manufacturing","volume":"55","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2019.00037","article-title":"Comparing human factors for augmented reality supported single-user and collaborative repair operations of industrial robots","volume":"6","author":"Aschenbrenner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Robot. AI"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-019-01244-4","article-title":"An augmented reality-based method for remote collaborative real-time assistance: From a system perspective","volume":"25","author":"Fang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mob. Netw. Appl."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W., Wang, F., Song, W., and Su, S. (2019, January 20\u201322). Application of augmented reality (AR) technologies in inhouse logistics. Proceedings of the E3S Web of Conferences, Guangzhou, China.","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202014502018"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2013.815221","article-title":"Evaluating virtual reality and augmented reality training for industrial maintenance and assembly tasks","volume":"23","author":"Gavish","year":"2015","journal-title":"Interact. Learn. Environ."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.12.250","article-title":"Augmented reality as a tool for production and quality monitoring","volume":"75","author":"Segovia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2014.10.100","article-title":"Mobile augmented reality based monitoring of assembly lines","volume":"23","author":"Kollatsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-016-9164-5","article-title":"Use of projector based augmented reality to improve manual spot-welding precision and accuracy for automotive manufacturing","volume":"89","author":"Doshi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reipschl\u00e4ger, P., and Dachselt, R. (2019, January 10\u201313). DesignAR: Immersive 3D-Modeling Combining Augmented Reality with Interactive Displays. Proceedings of the 2019 ACM International Conference on Interactive Surfaces and Spaces, Daejeon, Korea.","DOI":"10.1145\/3343055.3359718"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2016.11.004","article-title":"The application of augmented reality technologies for the improvement of occupational safety in an industrial environment","volume":"85","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Ind."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2019.106195","article-title":"Augmented reality in support of intelligent manufacturing\u2014A systematic literature review","volume":"140","author":"Egger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13358","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2808326","article-title":"A review on industrial augmented reality systems for the industry 4.0 shipyard","volume":"6","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Miller, J. (2019). Overcoming the Limitations of Commodity Augmented Reality Head Mounted Displays for Use in Product Assembly. [Ph.D. Thesis, Iowa State University]."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8201","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2802699","article-title":"A practical evaluation of commercial industrial augmented reality systems in an industry 4.0 shipyard","volume":"6","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2017.1393974","article-title":"Marker versus markerless augmented reality. Which has more impact on users?","volume":"34","author":"Brito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Interact."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soares, I., B Sousa, R., Petry, M., and Moreira, A.P. (2021). Accuracy and Repeatability Tests on HoloLens 2 and HTC Vive. Multimodal Technol. Interact., 5.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202108.0190.v1"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2017.02.038","article-title":"Assessing instructions in augmented reality for human-robot collaborative assembly by using demonstrators","volume":"63","author":"Danielsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2018.2815655","article-title":"Better teaming through visual cues: How projecting imagery in a workspace can improve human-robot collaboration","volume":"25","author":"Ganesan","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Mag."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Franco, A., Lamon, E., Balatti, P., De Momi, E., and Ajoudani, A. (2019, January 3\u20135). An Intuitive Augmented Reality Interface for Task Scheduling, Monitoring, and Work Performance Improvement in Human\u2013Robot Collaboration. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Work Conference on Bioinspired Intelligence (IWOBI), Budapest, Hungary.","DOI":"10.1109\/IWOBI47054.2019.9114472"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2019.101891","article-title":"AR-Based Interaction for Human\u2013Robot Collaborative Manufacturing","volume":"63","author":"Hietanen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Robot. Comput.-Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bambu\u015dek, D., Materna, Z., Kapinus, M., Beran, V., and Smr\u017e, P. (2019, January 14\u201318). Combining Interactive Spatial Augmented Reality with Head-Mounted Display for End-User Collaborative Robot Programming. Proceedings of the 2019 28th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), New Delhi, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/RO-MAN46459.2019.8956315"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soares, I., Petry, M., and Moreira, A.P. (2021). Programming Robots by Demonstration Using Augmented Reality. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21175976"},{"key":"ref_54","unstructured":"Statista (2021, December 13). Augmented Reality (AR). Available online: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/study\/38227\/augmented-reality-ar-statista-dossier\/."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Statista (2021, December 13). Collaborative Robots Worldwide. Available online: https:\/\/www.statista.com\/study\/96066\/collaborative-robots-worldwide\/."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"(2021, December 18). Microsoft HoloLens|Mixed Reality Technology for Business. Available online: https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/hololens."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"(2021, December 18). MOVERIO\u2014Smart Glasses\u2014Epson. Available online: https:\/\/moverio.epson.com\/."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"100175","article-title":"Augmented Reality Smart Glasses in Industrial Assembly: Current Status and Future Challenges","volume":"20","author":"Danielsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ind. Inf. Integr."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Makhataeva, Z., and Varol, H.A. (2020). Augmented Reality for Robotics: A Review. Robotics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics9020021"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1080\/24725854.2018.1493244","article-title":"Augmented Reality Technology in the Manufacturing Industry: A Review of the Last Decade","volume":"51","author":"Bottani","year":"2019","journal-title":"IISE Trans."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"(2011). Robots and Robotic Devices\u2013Safety Requirements for Industrial Robots\u2014Part 2: Robot Systems and Integration (Standard No. ISO 10218-2:2011)."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3233\/OER-150226","article-title":"Human Centered Assistance Applications for the working environment of the future","volume":"12","author":"Schmidtler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Occup. Ergon."},{"key":"ref_63","unstructured":"Thiemermann, S. (2005). Direkte Mensch-Roboter-Kooperation in der Kleinteilemontage mit Einem SCARA-Roboter. [Ph.D. Thesis, Stuttgart University]."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Bortot, D.F. (2014). Ergonomic Human-Robot Coexistence in the Branch of Production. [Ph.D. Thesis, Technical University of Munich]."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"Bauer, W., Bender, M., Braun, M., Rally, P.E.T.E.R., and Scholtz, O. (2016). Lightweight Robots in Manual Assembly\u2014Best to Start Simply, Frauenhofer-Institut f\u00fcr Arbeitswirtschaft und Organisation IAO."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matheson, E., Minto, R., Zampieri, E.G., Faccio, M., and Rosati, G. (2019). Human\u2013Robot Collaboration in Manufacturing Applications: A Review. Robotics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics8040100"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Speicher, M., Hall, B.D., and Nebeling, M. (2019, January 4\u20139). What Is Mixed Reality?. Proceedings of the 2019 ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Glasgow, UK.","DOI":"10.1145\/3290605.3300767"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3917\/enf2.193.0413","article-title":"Research on Immersion for Learning Using Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality and Mixed Reality","volume":"3","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Enfance"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drascic, D., and Milgram, P. (1996). Perceptual issues in augmented reality. Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems III, SPIE.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.237425"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2018.06.054","article-title":"Testing and Validating Extended Reality (XR) Technologies in Manufacturing","volume":"25","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/1475939X.2020.1737210","article-title":"Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality in K\u201312 Education: A Review of the Literature","volume":"29","author":"Maas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Technol. Pedagog. Educ."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2020.103254","article-title":"From BIM to Extended Reality in AEC Industry","volume":"116","author":"Alizadehsalehi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"ref_73","unstructured":"Fink, A. (2014). Conducting Research Literature Reviews: From the Internet to Paper, SAGE. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mex.2019.100777","article-title":"Method for Conducting Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis for Environmental Science Research","volume":"7","author":"Mengist","year":"2020","journal-title":"MethodsX"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-1842.2009.00848.x","article-title":"A Typology of Reviews: An Analysis of 14 Review Types and Associated Methodologies: A Typology of Reviews, Maria J. Grant & Andrew Booth","volume":"26","author":"Grant","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Inf. Libr. J."},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Booth, A., Sutton, A., and Papaioannou, D. (2016). Systematic Approaches to a Successful Literature Review, SAGE. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_77","unstructured":"Parsifal (2022, January 12). Perform Systematic Literature Reviews. Available online: https:\/\/parsif.al\/."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2018.08.007","article-title":"A Systematic Review of Augmented Reality Content-Related Techniques for Knowledge Transfer in Maintenance Applications","volume":"103","author":"Erkoyuncu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Ind."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khamaisi, R.K., Prati, E., Peruzzini, M., Raffaeli, R., and Pellicciari, M. (2021). UX in AR-Supported Industrial Human\u2014-Robot Collaborative Tasks: A Systematic Review. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app112110448"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-015-1765-5","article-title":"The Journal Coverage of Web of Science and Scopus: A Comparative Analysis","volume":"106","author":"Mongeon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"ref_81","unstructured":"(2022, January 06). ACM Digital Library. Available online: https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/."},{"key":"ref_82","unstructured":"(2022, January 06). Dimensions. Available online: https:\/\/app.dimensions.ai\/discover\/publication."},{"key":"ref_83","unstructured":"(2022, January 06). IEEE Xplore. Available online: https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplore\/home.jsp."},{"key":"ref_84","unstructured":"(2022, January 06). Clarivate. Available online: https:\/\/www.webofscience.com\/wos\/woscc\/basic-search."},{"key":"ref_85","unstructured":"(2022, January 06). Science, Health and Medical Journals, Full Text Articles and Books. Available online: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/."},{"key":"ref_86","unstructured":"(2022, January 06). Scopus Preview\u2014Scopus\u2014Welcome to Scopus. Available online: https:\/\/www.scopus.com\/home.uri."},{"key":"ref_87","unstructured":"(2022, January 06). Home Page|EBSCO. EBSCO Information Services, Inc. Available online: https:\/\/www.ebsco.com\/home."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan, W.P., Hanks, G., Sakr, M., Zuo, T., Van der Loos, H.M., and Croft, E. (January, January 24). An Augmented Reality Human\u2013Robot Physical Collaboration Interface Design for Shared, Large-Scale, Labour-Intensive Manufacturing Tasks. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Las Vegas, NV, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS45743.2020.9341119"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Materna, Z., Kapinus, M., Beran, V., Smr\u017e, P., and Zem\u010d\u00edk, P. (2018, January 27\u201331). Interactive Spatial Augmented Reality in Collaborative Robot Programming: User Experience Evaluation. Proceedings of the 2018 27th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), Nanjing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2018.8525662"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsamis, G., Chantziaras, G., Giakoumis, D., Kostavelis, I., Kargakos, A., Tsakiris, A., and Tzovaras, D. (2021, January 8\u201312). Intuitive and Safe Interaction in Multi-User Human Robot Collaboration Environments through Augmented Reality Displays. Proceedings of the 2021 30th IEEE International Conference on Robot & Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), Vancouver, BC, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/RO-MAN50785.2021.9515474"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2015.12.005","article-title":"Augmented Reality (AR) Applications for Supporting Human\u2013Robot Interactive Cooperation","volume":"41","author":"Michalos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2016.04.038","article-title":"Augmented Reality System for Operator Support in Human\u2013Robot Collaborative Assembly","volume":"65","author":"Makris","year":"2016","journal-title":"CIRP Annals"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andersen, R.S., Madsen, O., Moeslund, T.B., and Amor, H.B. (2016, January 26\u201331). Projecting robot intentions into human environments. Proceedings of the 2016 25th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), New York, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2016.7745145"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2017.07.124","article-title":"An AR-Based Worker Support System for Human\u2013Robot Collaboration","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2017.07.127","article-title":"Safeguarding and Supporting Future Human\u2013Robot Cooperative Manufacturing Processes by a Projection- and Camera-Based Technology","volume":"11","author":"Vogel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2018.01.012","article-title":"A Data Fusion System for Controlling the Execution Status in Human\u2013Robot Collaborative Cells","volume":"76","author":"Argyrou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, H., Liau, Y., Kim, S., and Ryu, K. (2018, January 26\u201330). A framework for process model based human\u2013robot collaboration system using augmented reality. Proceedings of the IFIP International Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems, Seoul, Korea.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-99707-0_60"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2018.01.019","article-title":"Application of Wearable Devices for Supporting Operators in Human\u2013Robot Cooperative Assembly Tasks","volume":"76","author":"Gkournelos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechatronics.2018.08.006","article-title":"Seamless Human Robot Collaborative Assembly\u2014An Automotive Case Study","volume":"55","author":"Michalos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mechatronics"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3378","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2019.2926963","article-title":"A Capability-Aware Role Allocation Approach to Industrial Assembly Tasks","volume":"4","author":"Lamon","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Lett."},{"key":"ref_101","unstructured":"Ji, Z., Liu, Q., Xu, W., Yao, B., Hu, Y., Feng, H., and Zhou, Z. (2019, January 18\u201321). Augmented reality-enabled intuitive interaction for industrial human-robot collaboration. Proceedings of the 49th International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering, CIE 2019, Beijing, China."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.4271\/2019-01-1372","article-title":"Collaboration in a Hybrid Team of Human and Robot for Improving Working Conditions in an Aircraft Riveting Process","volume":"1","author":"Mueller","year":"2019","journal-title":"SAE Int. J. Adv. Curr. Pract. Mobil."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paletta, L., Pszeida, M., Ganster, H., Fuhrmann, F., Weiss, W., Ladst\u00e4tter, S., Dini, A., Murg, S., Mayer, H., and Brijacak, I. (2019, January 10\u201313). Gaze-based Human Factors Measurements for the Evaluation of Intuitive Human\u2013Robot Collaboration in Real-time. Proceedings of the 2019 24th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Zaragoza, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2019.8869270"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyjanek, O., Al Bahar, B., Vasey, L., Wannemacher, B., and Menges, A. (2019, January 21\u201324). Implementation of an Augmented Reality AR Workflow for Human Robot Collaboration in Timber Prefabrication. Proceedings of the 36th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, ISARC, Banff, AB, Canada.","DOI":"10.22260\/ISARC2019\/0164"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3881","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-019-03790-3","article-title":"Towards Seamless Human Robot Collaboration: Integrating Multimodal Interaction","volume":"105","author":"Papanastasiou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bolano, G., Juelg, C., Roennau, A., and Dillmann, R. (2019, January 14\u201318). Transparent Robot Behavior Using Augmented Reality in Close Human\u2013Robot Interaction. Proceedings of the 2019 28th IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), New Delhi, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/RO-MAN46459.2019.8956296"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Q., Fan, X., Luo, M., Yin, X., and Zhu, W. (2020). Construction of Human\u2013Robot Cooperation Assembly Simulation System Based on Augmented Reality. International Conference on Human\u2013Computer Interaction, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-49695-1_42"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hald, K., Rehmn, M., and Moeslund, T.B. (January, January 24). Human\u2013Robot Trust Assessment Using Motion Tracking & Galvanic Skin Response. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Las Vegas, NV, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS45743.2020.9341267"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vogel, C., Schulenburg, E., and Elkmann, N. (2020, January 8\u201311). Projective-AR Assistance System for shared Human\u2013Robot Workplaces in Industrial Applications. Proceedings of the 2020 25th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Vienna, Austria.","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA46521.2020.9211953"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmitt, J., Hillenbrand, A., Kranz, P., and Kaupp, T. (2021, January 8\u201311). Assisted Human\u2013Robot-Interaction for Industrial Assembly: Application of Spatial Augmented Reality (SAR) for Collaborative Assembly Tasks. Proceedings of the Companion of the 2021 ACM\/IEEE International Conference on Human\u2013Robot Interaction, Boulder, CO, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/3434074.3447127"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2021.01.091","article-title":"Augmented Reality (AR) Based Framework for Supporting Human Workers in Flexible Manufacturing","volume":"96","author":"Lotsaris","year":"2021","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luipers, D., and Richert, A. (2021, January 28\u201330). Concept of an Intuitive Human\u2013Robot-Collaboration via Motion Tracking and Augmented Reality. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Applications (ICAICA), Dalian, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAICA52286.2021.9498091"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2021.07.030","article-title":"Multi-Modal Interfaces for Natural Human\u2013Robot Interaction","volume":"54","author":"Andronas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2020.07.006","article-title":"Operator Support in Human\u2013Robot Collaborative Environments Using AI Enhanced Wearable Devices","volume":"97","author":"Dimitropoulos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dimitropoulos, N., Togias, T., Zacharaki, N., Michalos, G., and Makris, S. (2021). Seamless Human\u2013Robot Collaborative Assembly Using Artificial Intelligence and Wearable Devices. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11125699"},{"key":"ref_116","unstructured":"VOSviewer (2022, January 15). Visualizing Scientific Landscapes. Available online: https:\/\/www.vosviewer.com\/."},{"key":"ref_117","unstructured":"(2022, January 22). PILZ Safety EYE Price. Safe Camera System PILZ SafetyEYE at S and S Logistic & Trade. Available online: https:\/\/en.sslog.de\/equipment\/safety-sensors-psen\/safe-camera-system-safetyeye."},{"key":"ref_118","unstructured":"(2022, January 22). AIRSKIN\u00ae Technology. Available online: https:\/\/www.airskin.io\/airskin."},{"key":"ref_119","unstructured":"(2022, January 22). Safety Laser Scanner\u2014SZ-V Series | KEYENCE International Belgium. Available online: https:\/\/www.keyence.eu\/products\/safety\/laser-scanner\/sz-v\/."},{"key":"ref_120","unstructured":"(2022, February 10). MoveIt Motion Planning Framework. Available online: https:\/\/moveit.ros.org\/."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turk, M., and Athitsos, V. (2021). Gesture Recognition. Computer Vision, Organizado por Katsushi Ikeuchi, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-63416-2_376"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhcs.2003.09.005","article-title":"A Field Study of the Impact of Gender and User\u2019s Technical Experience on the Performance of Voice-Activated Medical Tracking Application","volume":"60","author":"Rodger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Stud."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cag.2018.04.002","article-title":"Gaze-Based Interaction: A 30 Year Retrospective","volume":"73","author":"Duchowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Graph."},{"key":"ref_124","unstructured":"Dandu, K.R. (2012). Energy Saving Expert System for West Virginia K-12 Schools, West Virginia University Libraries."},{"key":"ref_125","unstructured":"Sullins, T.K. (2016). The Development of a Prosthetic Training Software for Upper Limb Amputees. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of South Florida]."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Billinghurst, M., Grasset, R., and Seichter, H. (2010). Tangible interfaces for ambient augmented reality applications. Human\u2013Centric Interfaces for Ambient Intelligence, Academic Press.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374708-2.00011-5"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7249378","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7249378","article-title":"Tangible User Interface for Social Interactions for the Elderly: A Review of Literature","volume":"2018","author":"Bong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Hum.-Comput. Interact."},{"key":"ref_128","unstructured":"Acesight\/Acesight S. (2022, February 04). Acesight Electronic Glasses. Available online: https:\/\/www.acesight.com\/acesight-acesight-s\/."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/7\/2725\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:48:35Z","timestamp":1760136515000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/7\/2725"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"references-count":128,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s22072725"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22072725","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]}}}