{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T08:23:06Z","timestamp":1771748586010,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]],"date-time":"2022-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish National Research, Development and Innovation Program","award":["RTI2018-099825-B-C31, ESP2016-80320-C2-1-R and ESP2014-54256-C4-3-R."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-099825-B-C31, ESP2016-80320-C2-1-R and ESP2014-54256-C4-3-R."]}]},{"name":"MCIN\/AEI and Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1366-19","award":["PID2019-109467GB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-109467GB-I00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Radiation and Dust Sensor is one of six sensors of the Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer onboard the Perseverance rover from the Mars 2020 NASA mission. Its primary goal is to characterize the airbone dust in the Mars atmosphere, inferring its concentration, shape and optical properties. Thanks to its geometry, the sensor will be capable of studying dust-lifting processes with a high temporal resolution and high spatial coverage. Thanks to its multiwavelength design, it will characterize the solar spectrum from Mars\u2019 surface. The present work describes the sensor design from the scientific and technical requirements, the qualification processes to demonstrate its endurance on Mars\u2019 surface, the calibration activities to demonstrate its performance, and its validation campaign in a representative Mars analog. As a result of this process, we obtained a very compact sensor, fully digital, with a mass below 1 kg and exceptional power consumption and data budget features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22082907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]],"date-time":"2022-04-10T23:06:01Z","timestamp":1649631961000},"page":"2907","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Radiation and Dust Sensor for Mars Environmental Dynamic Analyzer Onboard M2020 Rover"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4349-8019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Apestigue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1600-4826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Gonzalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9434-3474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Boland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4504-5136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Lemmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Science Institute, 4765 Walnut St, Suite B, Boulder, CO 80301, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5668-8535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"de Mingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4705-1476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Garc\u00eda-Menendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Rivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn","family":"Azcue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Bastide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas para la Defensa de Espa\u00f1a (ISDEFE), Beatriz de Bobadilla St, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0446-5388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuria","family":"Andr\u00e9s-Santiuste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Oter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas para la Defensa de Espa\u00f1a (ISDEFE), Beatriz de Bobadilla St, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Martin-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Toledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Alvarez-Rios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8896-8638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"Mart\u00edn-Vodopivec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Manzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2197-8388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"L\u00f3pez Heredero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Isa\u00edas","family":"Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Aparicio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Carretero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Alcacera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Viguri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Israel","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Yela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Maite","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Manzano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas para la Defensa de Espa\u00f1a (ISDEFE), Beatriz de Bobadilla St, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"del Hoyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Reina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Roser","family":"Urqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas para la Defensa de Espa\u00f1a (ISDEFE), Beatriz de Bobadilla St, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Rodriguez-Manfredi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Astrobiolog\u00eda (INTA-CSIC), 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"de la Torre Ju\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Cordoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Leiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}]},{"given":"Art","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}]},{"given":"Soren","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Vi\u00fadez-Moreiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Astrobiolog\u00eda (INTA-CSIC), 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0060-1581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Saiz-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, Consejo Supeior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Agust\u00edn","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Lavega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento F\u00edsica Aplicada I, Escuela Superior de Ingenieros, Universidad del Pa\u00eds Vasco, Alameda Urquijo St, 48013 Bilbao, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6655-7659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Gomez-Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Germ\u00e1n","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunar and Planetary Institute, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058, USA"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"G\u00f3mez-Elvira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Arruego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial INTA, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-020-00762-y","article-title":"Mars 2020 Mission Overview","volume":"216","author":"Farley","year":"2020","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-020-00764-w","article-title":"SuperCam Calibration Targets: Design and Development","volume":"216","author":"Manrique","year":"2020","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-021-00816-9","article-title":"The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer, MEDA. A Suite of Environmental Sensors for the Mars 2020 Mission","volume":"217","author":"Alonso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-012-9921-1","article-title":"REMS: The Environmental Sensor Suite for the Mars Science Laboratory Rover","volume":"170","author":"Armiens","year":"2012","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-018-0570-x","article-title":"InSight Auxiliary Payload Sensor Suite (APSS)","volume":"215","author":"Banfield","year":"2019","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"5037","article-title":"New insights into Martian dust distribution and water-ice cloud microphysics","volume":"107","author":"Montmessin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/0032-0633(68)90102-5","article-title":"A study of the thermal and dynamical structure of the Martian Lower Atmosphere","volume":"16","author":"Gierasch","year":"1968","journal-title":"Planet Space Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E11010","DOI":"10.1029\/2011JE003855","article-title":"Revisiting the radiative impact of dust on Mars using the LDM Global Climate Model","volume":"116","author":"Madeleine","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1006\/icar.2001.6605","article-title":"The Mars regional atmospheric modeling system: Model description and selected simulations","volume":"151","author":"Rafkin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0019-1035(89)90114-0","article-title":"Diurnal Variations in Optical Depth at Mars","volume":"79","author":"Colburn","year":"1989","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"8795","article-title":"Opacity of the Martian atmosphere measured by the Imager for Mars Pathfinder","volume":"104","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2014.03.029","article-title":"Dust aerosol, clouds, and the atmospheric optical depth record over 5 Mars years of the Mars Exploration Rover mission","volume":"251","author":"Lemmon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Lemmon, M.T. (2014, January 14\u201318). The Mars Science Laboratory Optical Depth Record. Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Mars, Pasadena, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"114021","article-title":"Dust particle size, shape and optical depth during the 2018\/MY34 Martian global dust storm retrieved by MSL Curiosity rover Navigation Cameras","volume":"354","year":"2020","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"8064","article-title":"Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer for the Mars Exploration Rovers","volume":"108","author":"Christensen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104257","article-title":"First Atmospheric Science Results from the Mars Exploration Rovers Mini-TES","volume":"306","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"E12S13","article-title":"One Martian year of atmospheric observations using MER Mini-TES","volume":"111","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2016.07.012","article-title":"Aerosol optical depth as observed by the Mars Science Laboratory REMS UV photodiodes","volume":"280","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3502","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GL072589","article-title":"Determination of dust aerosol particle size at Gale Crater using REMS UVS and Mastcam measurements","volume":"44","author":"Renno","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Holmes-Siedle, A., and Adams, L. (1993). Handbook of Radiation Effects, Oxford University Press Inc."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2013.2261316","article-title":"Displacement Damage Effects in Irradiated Semiconductor Devices","volume":"60","author":"Srour","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2017.04.002","article-title":"DREAMS-SIS: The Solar Irradiance Sensor on-board the ExoMars 2016 lander","volume":"60","author":"Arruego","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Space Res. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-018-0535-0","article-title":"The DREAMS Experiment Onboard the Schiaparelli Module of the ExoMars 2016 Mission: Design, Performances and Expected Results","volume":"214","author":"Esposito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvarez-R\u00edos, F.J., and Jim\u00e9nez, J.J. (2017, January 25). FoV mask optimization for miniaturized radiometers. Proceedings of the Proc. SPIE 10562, International Conference on Space Optics\u2014ICSO 2016, Biarritz, France.","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2296140"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2012.2198241","article-title":"Proton Monitor Las Dos Torres: First Intercomparison of In-Orbit Results","volume":"59","author":"Jimenez","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Ramesham, R. (2004, January 3\u20134). Extreme temperature thermal cycling tests and results to assess reliability for Mars rover flight qualification. Proceedings of the Microelectronics Reliability and Qualification Workshop, Manhattan Beach, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"8071","article-title":"Mars Exploration Rover Engineering Cameras","volume":"108","author":"Maki","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-012-9882-4","article-title":"The Mars Science Laboratory Engineering Cameras","volume":"170","author":"Maki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s12567-018-0194-8","article-title":"Calibration OGSEs for multichannel radiometers for Mars atmosphere studies","volume":"10","author":"Alvarez","year":"2018","journal-title":"CEAS Space J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/0146-664X(78)90112-0","article-title":"A system for extracting three-dimensional measurements from a stereo pair of TV cameras, 7 January 1977","volume":"7","author":"Yakimovsky","year":"1978","journal-title":"Comput. Graph. Image Process."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grun, A., and Huang, T. (2001). Least-Squares Camera Calibration Including Lens Distortion and Automatic Editing of Calibration Points (Chap. 5). Calibration and Orientation of Cameras in Computer Vision, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-04567-1"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-006-5168-1","article-title":"Generalized camera calibration including fisheye lenses","volume":"68","author":"Gennery","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s11214-020-00755-x","article-title":"The Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover Mast Camera Zoom (Mastcam-Z) Multispectral, Stereoscopic Imaging Investigation","volume":"217","author":"Bell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Space Sci. Rev."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.8.000871","article-title":"Light scattering by randomly oriented axially symmetric particles","volume":"8","author":"Mishchenko","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. A"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4018(94)90731-5","article-title":"T-matrix computations of light scattering by large spheroidal particles","volume":"109","author":"Mishchenko","year":"1994","journal-title":"Opt. Commun."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s10686-016-9500-7","article-title":"The optical depth sensor (ODS) for column dust opacity measurements and cloud detection on martian atmosphere","volume":"42","author":"Toledo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Astron."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pss.2017.01.015","article-title":"Measurement of dust optical depth using the solar irradiance sensor (SIS) onboard the ExoMars 2016 EDM","volume":"138","author":"Toledo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Planet. Space Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2015.06.023","article-title":"Mars Orbiter Camera climatology of textured dust storms","volume":"258","author":"Guzewich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2020.113814","article-title":"Strong increase in dust devil activity at Gale crater on the third year of the MSL mission and suppression during the 2018 Global Dust Storm","volume":"347","author":"Hueso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-9-455-2016","article-title":"Measurement of aerosol optical depth and sub-visual cloud detection using the optical depth sensor (ODS)","volume":"9","author":"Toledo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. Tech."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1029\/91GL00769","article-title":"Identification of polar stratospheric clouds from the ground by visible spectrometry","volume":"18","author":"Sarkissian","year":"1991","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gomez-Martin, L., Toledo, D., Prados-Roman, C., Adame, J.A., Ochoa, H., and Yela, M. (2021). Polar stratospheric clouds detection at Belgrano II Antarctic station with visible ground-based spectroscopic measurements. Remote Sens., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13081412"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1029\/JZ055i003p00301","article-title":"The photochemistry of atmospheric water vapour","volume":"55","author":"Bates","year":"1950","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1029\/JB087iB04p02999","article-title":"The seasonal and global behavior of water vapor in the Mars atmosphere\u2013Complete global results of the Viking atmospheric water detector experiment","volume":"87","author":"Jakosky","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Geophy. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1006\/icar.1993.1027","article-title":"Photochemistry of the Martian atmosphere (mean conditions)","volume":"101","author":"Krasnopolsky","year":"1993","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1006\/icar.1994.1137","article-title":"A photochemical model of the Martian atmosphere","volume":"111","author":"Nair","year":"1994","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yung, Y.L., and DeMore, W.B. (1999). Photochemistry of Planetary Atmospheres, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195105018.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"E07004","article-title":"Three-dimensional modeling of ozone on Mars","volume":"109","author":"Lefevre","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2005.12.001","article-title":"Ozone abundance on Mars from infrared heterodyne spectra I. Acquisition, retrieval, and anticorrelation with water vapor","volume":"181","author":"Fast","year":"2006","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2006.03.012","article-title":"Ozone abundance on Mars from infrared heterodyne spectra II. Validating photochemical models","volume":"183","author":"Fast","year":"2006","journal-title":"Icarus"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icarus.2019.113458","article-title":"Diurnal Variation in Mars Equatorial Odd Oxygen Species: Chemical Production and Loss Mechanisms","volume":"336","author":"Yung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Icarus"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/8\/2907\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:51:23Z","timestamp":1760136683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/8\/2907"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["s22082907"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22082907","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,10]]}}}