{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:53:12Z","timestamp":1775609592196,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]],"date-time":"2022-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/131959\/2017."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/131959\/2017."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Detection and quantification of cancer biomarkers plays a critical role in cancer early diagnosis, screening, and treatment. Clinicians, particularly in developing countries, deal with high costs and limited resources for diagnostic systems. Using low-cost substrates to develop sensor devices could be very helpful. The interest in paper-based sensors with colorimetric detection increased exponentially in the last decade as they meet the criteria for point-of-care (PoC) devices. Cellulose and different nanomaterials have been used as substrate and colorimetric probes, respectively, for these types of devices in their different designs as spot tests, lateral-flow assays, dipsticks, and microfluidic paper-based devices (\u03bcPADs), offering low-cost and disposable devices. However, the main challenge with these devices is their low sensitivity and lack of efficiency in performing quantitative measurements. This review includes an overview of the use of paper for the development of sensing devices focusing on colorimetric detection and their application to cancer biomarkers. We highlight recent works reporting the use of paper in the development of colorimetric sensors for cancer biomarkers, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and others. Finally, we discuss the main advantages of these types of devices and highlight their major pitfalls.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22093221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,24]],"date-time":"2022-04-24T00:45:21Z","timestamp":1650761121000},"page":"3221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Colorimetric Paper-Based Sensors against Cancer Biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Mariana C. C. G.","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BioMark@ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University (CEB), 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS\u2014Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9265-0630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ligia R.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University (CEB), 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS\u2014Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4237-8952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felismina T. C.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioMark@ISEP, School of Engineering, Polytechnic Institute, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University (CEB), 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS\u2014Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9936-7336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Goreti F.","family":"Sales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University (CEB), 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS\u2014Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"BioMark@UC, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Coimbra University, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Molecular biosensors: Promising new tools for early detection of cancer","volume":"4","author":"Tothill","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nanobiosen. 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