{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T23:37:46Z","timestamp":1774654666216,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006182","name":"FAPES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["84336650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["84336650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006182","name":"FAPES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006182","name":"FAPES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/00702-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/00702-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006182","name":"FAPES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/00034\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/00034\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006182","name":"FAPES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50025\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50025\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006182","name":"FAPES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50025\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50025\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006182","name":"FAPES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["304049\/2019-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304049\/2019-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006182","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004225","name":"Petrobras","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["84336650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["84336650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004225","name":"Petrobras","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004225","name":"Petrobras","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/00702-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/00702-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004225","name":"Petrobras","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/00034\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/00034\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004225","name":"Petrobras","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50025\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50025\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004225","name":"Petrobras","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50025\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50025\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004225","name":"Petrobras","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["304049\/2019-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304049\/2019-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["84336650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["84336650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/00702-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/00702-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/00034\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/00034\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50025\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50025\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50025\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50025\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["304049\/2019-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304049\/2019-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\/MEC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["84336650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["84336650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\/MEC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\/MEC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/00702-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/00702-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\/MEC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/00034\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/00034\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\/MEC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50025\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50025\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\/MEC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50025\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50025\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\/MEC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["304049\/2019-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304049\/2019-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["84336650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["84336650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/00702-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/00702-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/00034\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/00034\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50025\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50025\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50025\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50025\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["304049\/2019-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["304049\/2019-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presented the force and displacement analyses of a diaphragm-embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. In the first step, a numerical analysis (via finite element method) was performed considering linear elastic materials, where there is a linear variation on the strain in the optical fiber for both displacement and force (or pressure). In the second step, the experimental analysis was performed using two approaches: (i) controlling the displacement applied in the diaphragm-embedded FBG (while the force is also measured). (ii) Controlling the force applied in the sensor (also with the measurement of the displacement). Results showed reflected optical power variations and wavelength shift following the application of displacement and force. The sensitivities of both wavelength shift and optical power were different (and non-proportional) when displacement and force were compared. However, a higher correlation, determination coefficient (R2) of 0.998, was obtained in the analysis of the wavelength shift as a function of the displacement, which indicated that the strain transmission in the optical fiber is directly related to the strain in the diaphragm, whereas the force has an indirect relation with the strain and depends on the material features. Then, the possibility of simultaneous estimation of force and displacement was investigated, where the linear relation of both parameters (displacement and force) with the wavelength shift and the optical power were obtained in a limited range of displacement and force. In this range, root mean squared errors of 0.37 N and 0.05 mm were obtained for force and displacement, respectively. In addition, the force variation with a step displacement input also shows the possibility of using the proposed FBG device for the characterization of the materials\u2019 viscoelastic features such as phase delay, creep, and stress relaxation, which can be employed for in situ characterization of different viscoelastic materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22145355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T00:19:21Z","timestamp":1658189961000},"page":"5355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Force-Displacement Analysis in Diaphragm-Embedded Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9075-0619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaldo","family":"Leal-Junior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria 29075-910, Espirito Santo, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria  29075-910, Espirito Santo, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Vitorino","family":"Biazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria  29075-910, Espirito Santo, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8596-5092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and I3N, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0687-3967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anselmo","family":"Frizera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Esp\u00edrito Santo, Vit\u00f3ria  29075-910, Espirito Santo, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Cusano, A., Cutolo, A., and Albert, J. (2009). Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors: Market Overview and New Perspectives, Bentham Science Publishers."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiao, X., Shao, Z., Bao, W., and Rong, Q. (2017). Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for the Oil Industry. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17030429"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2011.2162060","article-title":"Distributed Temperature Sensing: Review of Technology and Applications","volume":"12","author":"Ukil","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2018.09.044","article-title":"Multiplexing technique for quasi-distributed sensors arrays in polymer optical fiber intensity variation-based sensors","volume":"111","author":"Marques","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. Laser Technol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201400463","article-title":"Body-Monitoring and Health Supervision by Means of Optical Fiber-Based Sensing Systems in Medical Textiles","volume":"4","author":"Quandt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leal-Junior, A.G., Diaz, C.A.R., Avellar, L.M., Pontes, M.J., Marques, C., and Frizera, A. (2019). Polymer Optical Fiber Sensors in Healthcare Applications: A Comprehensive Review. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19143156"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7394","DOI":"10.3390\/s140407394","article-title":"Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors toward Structural Health Monitoring in Composite Materials: Challenges and Solutions","volume":"14","author":"Kinet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, T., Gonz\u00e1lez-Vila, \u00c1., Loyez, M., and Caucheteur, C. (2017). Plasmonic optical fiber-grating Immunosensing: A review. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17122732"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1109\/50.618320","article-title":"Fiber Bragg Grating Technology Fundementals and Overview","volume":"15","author":"Hill","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE J. Light. Technol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1109\/50.618327","article-title":"Fiber Bragg gratings for dispersion compensation in transmission: Theoretical model and design criteria for nearly ideal pulse recompression","volume":"15","author":"Litchinitser","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Light. Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, L., Li, C., Zhang, C., Liang, T., and Zhao, Z. (2019). The strain transfer mechanism of fiber bragg grating sensor for extra large strain monitoring. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19081851"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechatronics.2011.10.005","article-title":"Spatial shape reconstruction using orthogonal fiber Bragg grating sensor array","volume":"22","author":"Yi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mechatronics"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s13320-015-0259-7","article-title":"FBG based high sensitive pressure sensor and its low-cost interrogation system with enhanced resolution","volume":"5","author":"Pachava","year":"2015","journal-title":"Photonic Sens."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2013.08.036","article-title":"A fast response intrinsic humidity sensor based on an etched singlemode polymer fiber Bragg grating","volume":"203","author":"Rajan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2019.102079","article-title":"Recent trends and advances of fibre Bragg grating sensors in CYTOP polymer optical fibres","volume":"54","author":"Theodosiou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Opt. Fiber Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2017.2768414","article-title":"Carbon Cantilever Beam Health Inspection Using a Polymer Fiber Bragg Grating Array","volume":"36","author":"Theodosiou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Light. Technol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, M., and Fang, X. (2018). Application of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing Technology for Bolt Force Status Monitoring in Roadways. Appl. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/app8010107"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"25242","article-title":"Fiber Bragg gratings embedded in 3D printed prototypes","volume":"2","author":"Homa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Adv. Today"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2018.05.011","article-title":"A natural rubber diaphragm based transducer for simultaneous pressure and temperature measurement by using a single FBG","volume":"45","author":"Vorathin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Fiber Technol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20590","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.26.020590","article-title":"Material features based compensation technique for the temperature effects in a polymer diaphragm-based FBG pressure sensor","volume":"26","author":"Frizera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6549","DOI":"10.3390\/s150306549","article-title":"Single- and Two-Phase Flow Characterization Using Optical Fiber Bragg Gratings","volume":"15","author":"Baroncini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7179","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2915031","article-title":"Optical fiber sensing for sub-millimeter liquid-level monitoring: A review","volume":"19","author":"Diaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ascorbe, J., Corres, J.M., Arregui, F.J., and Matias, I.R. (2017). Recent developments in fiber optics humidity sensors. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17040893"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12719","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.3040987","article-title":"Diaphragm-Embedded Optical Fiber Sensors: A Review and Tutorial","volume":"21","author":"Marques","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lakes, R. (2009). Viscoelastic Materials, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511626722"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2019.01.012","article-title":"Temperature-independent chirped FBG pressure transducer with high sensitivity","volume":"117","author":"Vorathin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers Eng."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1109\/50.618322","article-title":"Fiber grating spectra","volume":"15","author":"Erdogan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Light. Technol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"034014","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-0233\/20\/3\/034014","article-title":"The role of viscoelastic properties in strain testing using microstructured polymer optical fibres (mPOF)","volume":"20","author":"Large","year":"2009","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2011.2105462","article-title":"Analytical analysis of side-polished plastic optical fiber as curvature and refractive index sensor","volume":"29","author":"Bilro","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Light. Technol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2014.02.009","article-title":"Sensing principle of fiber-optic curvature sensor","volume":"62","author":"Di","year":"2014","journal-title":"Opt. Laser Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"971","article-title":"Simultaneous Measurement of Axial Strain, Bending and Torsion with a Single Fiber Bragg Grating in CYTOP Fiber","volume":"37","author":"Theodosiou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Light. Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2018.2797086","article-title":"Dynamic Mechanical Analysis on a PolyMethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Polymer Optical Fiber","volume":"18","author":"Marques","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/14\/5355\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:52:59Z","timestamp":1760140379000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/14\/5355"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["s22145355"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22145355","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]}}}