{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T14:31:51Z","timestamp":1773930711235,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT) with the Reference Scholarship","award":["2020.05711.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.05711.BD"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT) with the Reference Scholarship","award":["2020.03393.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.03393.CEECIND"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT) with the Reference Scholarship","award":["UIDB\/04436\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04436\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT) with the Reference Scholarship","award":["UIDP\/04436\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04436\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT) with the Reference Scholarship","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039868"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039868"]}]},{"name":"FEDER Funds","award":["2020.05711.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.05711.BD"]}]},{"name":"FEDER Funds","award":["2020.03393.CEECIND"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.03393.CEECIND"]}]},{"name":"FEDER Funds","award":["UIDB\/04436\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04436\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FEDER Funds","award":["UIDP\/04436\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04436\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FEDER Funds","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039868"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-039868"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding how to seamlessly adapt the assistance of lower-limb wearable assistive devices (active orthosis (AOs) and exoskeletons) to human locomotion modes (LMs) is challenging. Several algorithms and sensors have been explored to recognize and predict the users\u2019 LMs. Nevertheless, it is not yet clear which are the most used and effective sensor and classifier configurations in AOs\/exoskeletons and how these devices\u2019 control is adapted according to the decoded LMs. To explore these aspects, we performed a systematic review by electronic search in Scopus and Web of Science databases, including published studies from 1 January 2010 to 31 August 2022. Sixteen studies were included and scored with 84.7 \u00b1 8.7% quality. Decoding focused on level-ground walking along with ascent\/descent stairs tasks performed by healthy subjects. Time-domain raw data from inertial measurement unit sensors were the most used data. Different classifiers were employed considering the LMs to decode (accuracy above 90% for all tasks). Five studies have adapted the assistance of AOs\/exoskeletons attending to the decoded LM, in which only one study predicted the new LM before its occurrence. Future research is encouraged to develop decoding tools considering data from people with lower-limb impairments walking at self-selected speeds while performing daily LMs with AOs\/exoskeletons.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:08:09Z","timestamp":1663718889000},"page":"7109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A Review on Locomotion Mode Recognition and Prediction When Using Active Orthoses and Exoskeletons"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1283-7409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Moreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS\u2014Associate Laboratory, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9547-3051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS\u2014Associate Laboratory, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Cerqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center (2CA-Braga), Hospital of Braga, 4700-099 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0023-7203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina P.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"LABBELS\u2014Associate Laboratory, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center (2CA-Braga), Hospital of Braga, 4700-099 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Labarri\u00e8re, F., Thomas, E., Calistri, L., Optasanu, V., Gueugnon, M., Ornetti, P., and Laroche, D. 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