{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T13:05:53Z","timestamp":1769519153864,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]],"date-time":"2022-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT","award":["UIDB\/04650\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04650\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["88887.572905\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.572905\/2020-00"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["8887.573100\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8887.573100\/2020-00"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["CTTI-31\/18-C.F."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTTI-31\/18-C.F."]}]},{"name":"CAPES","award":["UIDB\/04650\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04650\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CAPES","award":["88887.572905\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.572905\/2020-00"]}]},{"name":"CAPES","award":["8887.573100\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8887.573100\/2020-00"]}]},{"name":"CAPES","award":["CTTI-31\/18-C.F."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTTI-31\/18-C.F."]}]},{"name":"CAPES","award":["UIDB\/04650\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04650\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CAPES","award":["88887.572905\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.572905\/2020-00"]}]},{"name":"CAPES","award":["8887.573100\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8887.573100\/2020-00"]}]},{"name":"CAPES","award":["CTTI-31\/18-C.F."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTTI-31\/18-C.F."]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["UIDB\/04650\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04650\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["88887.572905\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.572905\/2020-00"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["8887.573100\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8887.573100\/2020-00"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["CTTI-31\/18-C.F."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTTI-31\/18-C.F."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Titanium-copper alloy films with stoichiometry given by Ti1\u2212xCux were produced by magnetron co-sputtering technique and analyzed in order to explore the suitability of the films to be applied as resistive temperature sensors with antimicrobial properties. For that, the copper (Cu) amount in the films was varied by applying different DC currents to the source during the deposition in order to change the Cu concentration. As a result, the samples showed excellent thermoresistivity linearity and stability for temperatures in the range between room temperature to 110 \u00b0C. The sample concentration of Ti0.70Cu0.30 has better characteristics to act as RTD, especially the \u03b1TCR of 1990 \u00d710\u22126\u00b0C\u22121. The antimicrobial properties of the Ti1\u2212xCux films were analyzed by exposing the films to the bacterias S. aureus and E. coli, and comparing them with bare Ti and Cu films that underwent the same protocol. The Ti1\u2212xCux thin films showed bactericidal effects, by log10 reduction for both bacteria, irrespective of the Cu concentrations. As a test of concept, the selected sample was subjected to 160 h reacting to variations in ambient temperature, presenting results similar to a commercial temperature sensor. Therefore, these Ti1\u2212xCux thin films become excellent antimicrobial candidates to act as temperature sensors in advanced coating systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T05:12:21Z","timestamp":1665378741000},"page":"7665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["High Performance of Metallic Thin Films for Resistance Temperature Devices with Antimicrobial Properties"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3147-8248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur L. R.","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica das Universidades do Minho e do Porto (CF-UM-UP), Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8904-4151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcio A.","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica das Universidades do Minho e do Porto (CF-UM-UP), Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5907-4106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Bohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7156-4212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helder","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica das Universidades do Minho e do Porto (CF-UM-UP), Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1529-3702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida M.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica das Universidades do Minho e do Porto (CF-UM-UP), Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5506-996X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica das Universidades do Minho e do Porto (CF-UM-UP), Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"LaPMET\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00edsica para Materiais e Tecnologias Emergentes, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5294-0112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica das Universidades do Minho e do Porto (CF-UM-UP), Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"LaPMET\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00edsica para Materiais e Tecnologias Emergentes, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vacuum.2020.109288","article-title":"Fabrication and characterization of nickel thin film as resistance temperature detector","volume":"176","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vacuum"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vacuum.2016.07.028","article-title":"Fabrication and characterization of ITO thin film resistance temperature detector","volume":"140","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vacuum"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22122","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3105546","article-title":"A Tutorial on Thermal Sensors in the 200th Anniversary of the Seebeck Effect","volume":"21","author":"Reverter","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4878","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-016-0722-x","article-title":"Relationship between nano-architectured Ti1xCux thin film and electrical resistivity for resistance temperature detectors","volume":"52","author":"Ferreira","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L5","DOI":"10.1088\/1681-7575\/aa90bd","article-title":"Thin-film resistance temperature detector array for the measurement of temperature distribution inside a phantom","volume":"55","author":"Sim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metrologia"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141912","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3243692","article-title":"A stretchable temperature sensor based on elastically buckled thin film devices on elastomeric substrates","volume":"95","author":"Yu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sna.2006.11.012","article-title":"EPMA and XRD study on nickel metal thin film for temperature sensor","volume":"136","author":"Yan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators A Phys."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.130979","article-title":"Design and fabrication of effective gradient temperature sensor array based on bilayer SnO2\/Pt for gas classification","volume":"351","author":"Thai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2021.162237","article-title":"Platinum-Nickel alloy thin films for low concentration hydrogen sensor application","volume":"892","author":"Kilinc","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2021.151604","article-title":"Biocompatibility and antibacterial properties of TiCu(Ag) thin films produced by physical vapor deposition magnetron sputtering","volume":"573","author":"Rashid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185303","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/ac43de","article-title":"A highly stable temperature sensor based on Au\/Cu\/n-Si Schottky barrier diodes dependent on the inner metal thickness","volume":"55","author":"Turut","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Phys. D Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2008.02.028","article-title":"RTD characteristics for micro-thermal sensors","volume":"39","author":"Chung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microelectron. J."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s11082-019-2107-2","article-title":"Electronic structures and magnetic performance related to spintronics of Sr0.875Ti0.125S","volume":"51","author":"Bourega","year":"2019","journal-title":"Opt. Quantum Electron."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022614431285","article-title":"Thin-film characterization for high-temperature applications","volume":"19","author":"Serra","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Thermophys."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b14038","article-title":"Antibacterial TiCu\/TiCuN Multilayer Films with Good Corrosion Resistance Deposited by Axial Magnetic Field-Enhanced Arc Ion Plating","volume":"11","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1305516","article-title":"Review of temperature measurement","volume":"71","author":"Childs","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.2","article-title":"Antimicrobial metallic copper surfaces kill Staphylococcus haemolyticus via membrane damage","volume":"1","author":"Santo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbiologyopen"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2011.09.091","article-title":"Surface microstructures and antimicrobial properties of copper plasma alloyed stainless steel","volume":"258","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2011.06.009","article-title":"Deposition of thin titanium-copper films with antimicrobial effect by advanced magnetron sputtering methods","volume":"31","author":"Stranak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-005-4422-3","article-title":"A novel antibacterial titania coating: Metal ion toxicity and in vitro surface colonization","volume":"16","author":"Heidenau","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s40735-018-0142-3","article-title":"Tribocorrosion Behavior of Ti-Cu Alloy in Hank\u2019s Solution for Biomedical Application","volume":"4","author":"Bao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Bio- Tribo-Corros."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2019.01.008","article-title":"Nanostructured Ti 1-xCux thin films with tailored electrical and morphological anisotropy","volume":"672","author":"Ferreira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Magina, S., Santos, M.D., Ferra, J., Cruz, P., Portugal, I., and Evtuguin, D. (2016). High Pressure Laminates with Antimicrobial Properties. Materials, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma9020100"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.1557\/adv.2020.366","article-title":"Antimicrobial copper cold spray coatings and SARS-CoV-2 surface inactivation","volume":"5","author":"Sousa","year":"2020","journal-title":"MRS Adv."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4302","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c00359","article-title":"UV-curable surface-attached antimicrobial polymeric onium coatings: Designing effective, solvent-resistant coatings for plastic surfaces","volume":"3","author":"Shum","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.1c01273","article-title":"Flexible TiCux Thin Films with Dual Antimicrobial and Piezoresistive Characteristics","volume":"5","author":"Ferreira","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.1.1382","article-title":"Electrical-Resistivity Model for Polycrystalline Films: The Case of Arbitrary Reflection at External Surfaces","volume":"1","author":"Mayadas","year":"1970","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2011.02677.x","article-title":"Mechanism of copper surface toxicity in Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella involves immediate membrane depolarization followed by slower rate of DNA destruction which differs from that observed for Gram-positive bacteria","volume":"14","author":"Warnes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(21)65776-X","article-title":"Fabrication of titanium-based alloys with bioactive surface oxide layer as biomedical implants: Opportunity and challenges","volume":"32","author":"Lim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"78","article-title":"The Study of the Antimicrobial Properties of Selected Engineering Materials\u2019 Surfaces","volume":"02","author":"Fatoba","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Min. Mater. Charact. Eng."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-012-9578-y","article-title":"Development of copper based drugs, radiopharmaceuticals and medical materials","volume":"25","author":"Markowicz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13681","article-title":"Contact killing and antimicrobial properties of copper","volume":"124","author":"Vincent","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-018-0456-4","article-title":"Antimicrobial properties of a novel copper-based composite coating with potential for use in healthcare facilities","volume":"8","author":"Montero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Resist. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02766-10","article-title":"Metallic Copper as an Antimicrobial Surface","volume":"77","author":"Grass","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2021.131313","article-title":"Role of micro-nano fabrication process on the temperature coefficient of resistance of platinum thin films resistance temperature detector","volume":"309","author":"Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarma, S., and Lee, J. (2018). Developing Efficient Thin Film Temperature Sensors Utilizing Layered Carbon Nanotube Films. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18103182"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/19\/7665\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:48:54Z","timestamp":1760143734000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/19\/7665"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["s22197665"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22197665","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,9]]}}}