{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:23:22Z","timestamp":1760232202328,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology, FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/EEI-EEE\/30539\/2017","UIDB\/EEA\/50008\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EEI-EEE\/30539\/2017","UIDB\/EEA\/50008\/2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, the implementation of a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for environmental monitoring (EM) is presented. It includes the design, implementation and experimental characterization of a multi-sector base station (BS) antenna composed of several microstrip Quasi-Yagi elements and the implementation and experimental characterization of a reduced form factor antenna for the sensor nodes (SN). Subsequently, it reports the implementation of a WSN based on Lopy4 transceivers, using the developed BS and SN antennas. Finally, experimental results obtained on the field to evaluate the performance of the network in terms of maximum coverage distance and coverage area are presented. According to the field tests, the connectivity between the sensor nodes and the developed WSN base station is confirmed at distances above 3.5 km and for all the antenna sectors of the multi-sector BS attaining a 360\u00b0 of field of view.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22207976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]],"date-time":"2022-10-19T22:19:53Z","timestamp":1666217993000},"page":"7976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Implementation of a WSN for Environmental Monitoring: From the Base Station to the Small Sensor Node"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3979-2992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago Emanuel","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0356-9839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Ricardo","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0297-7870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Ferreira Silva","family":"Caldeirinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Yang, S.H. 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