{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T10:50:40Z","timestamp":1776077440748,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]],"date-time":"2022-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["PTDC\/EEI-ROB\/28799\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EEI-ROB\/28799\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/50010\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50010\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDP\/50010\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50010\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/04349\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04349\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese National Defense Ministry through TROANTE project","award":["PTDC\/EEI-ROB\/28799\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EEI-ROB\/28799\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese National Defense Ministry through TROANTE project","award":["UIDB\/50010\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50010\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese National Defense Ministry through TROANTE project","award":["UIDP\/50010\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50010\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese National Defense Ministry through TROANTE project","award":["UIDB\/04349\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04349\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In order to detect special nuclear materials and other radioactive materials in Security and Defense scenarios, normally, a combination of neutron and gamma-ray detection systems is used. In particular, to avoid illicit traffic of special nuclear materials and radioactive sources\/materials, radiation portal monitors are placed at seaports to inspect shipping-container cargo. Despite their large volume (high efficiency), these detection systems are expensive, and therefore only a fraction of these containers are inspected. In this work, a novel mobile radiation detection system is presented, based on an EJ-200 plastic scintillator for the detection of gamma rays and beta particles, and a neutron detector EJ-426HD plastic scintillator (with 6Li) embedded in a compact and modular moderator. The use of silicon photomultipliers in both detectors presented advantages such as lightweight, compactness, and low power consumption. The developed detection system was integrated in a highly maneuverable multirotor. Monte Carlo simulations were validated by laboratory measurements and field tests were performed using real gamma-ray and neutron sources. The detection and localization within one meter was achieved using a maximum likelihood estimation algorithm for 137Cs sources (4 MBq), as well as the detection of 241Am\u2013beryllium (1.45 GBq) source placed inside the shipping container.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23010329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T02:54:42Z","timestamp":1672282482000},"page":"329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Neutron and Gamma-Ray Detection System Coupled to a Multirotor for Screening of Shipping Container Cargo"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1965-2044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o da Academia da For\u00e7a A\u00e9rea, Academia da For\u00e7a A\u00e9rea, Instituto Universit\u00e1rio Militar, Granja do Marqu\u00eas, 2715-021 P\u00earo Pinheiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6520-5355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"F\u00e9lix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o da Academia da For\u00e7a A\u00e9rea, Academia da For\u00e7a A\u00e9rea, Instituto Universit\u00e1rio Militar, Granja do Marqu\u00eas, 2715-021 P\u00earo Pinheiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3496-3561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o da Academia da For\u00e7a A\u00e9rea, Academia da For\u00e7a A\u00e9rea, Instituto Universit\u00e1rio Militar, Granja do Marqu\u00eas, 2715-021 P\u00earo Pinheiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0234-9164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasco","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o da Academia da For\u00e7a A\u00e9rea, Academia da For\u00e7a A\u00e9rea, Instituto Universit\u00e1rio Militar, Granja do Marqu\u00eas, 2715-021 P\u00earo Pinheiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0626-511X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Caetano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o da Academia da For\u00e7a A\u00e9rea, Academia da For\u00e7a A\u00e9rea, Instituto Universit\u00e1rio Militar, Granja do Marqu\u00eas, 2715-021 P\u00earo Pinheiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3423-3905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2661-7458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5369-5019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7186-2359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"International Atomic Energy Agency (2007). 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