{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:51:16Z","timestamp":1760147476048,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-045939","UIDB\/04650\/2020","ANR-10-EQPX-50","ANR-11-LABX022-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-045939","UIDB\/04650\/2020","ANR-10-EQPX-50","ANR-11-LABX022-01"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-045939","UIDB\/04650\/2020","ANR-10-EQPX-50","ANR-11-LABX022-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-045939","UIDB\/04650\/2020","ANR-10-EQPX-50","ANR-11-LABX022-01"]}]},{"name":"National Research Agency","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-045939","UIDB\/04650\/2020","ANR-10-EQPX-50","ANR-11-LABX022-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-045939","UIDB\/04650\/2020","ANR-10-EQPX-50","ANR-11-LABX022-01"]}]},{"name":"French government grant","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-045939","UIDB\/04650\/2020","ANR-10-EQPX-50","ANR-11-LABX022-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-045939","UIDB\/04650\/2020","ANR-10-EQPX-50","ANR-11-LABX022-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Large-scale production of graphene nanosheets (GNSs) has led to the availability of solution-processable GNSs on the commercial scale. The controlled vacuum filtration method is a scalable process for the preparation of wafer-scale films of GNSs, which can be used for gas sensing applications. Here, we demonstrate the use of this deposition method to produce functional gas sensors, using a chemiresistor structure from GNS solution-based techniques. The GNS suspension was prepared by liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) and transferred to a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane. The effect of non-covalent functionalization with Co-porphyrin and Fe-phthalocyanines on the sensor properties was studied. The pristine and functionalized GNS films were characterized using different techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrical characterizations. The morphological and spectroscopic analyses both confirm that the molecules (Co-porphyrin and Fe-phthalocyanine) were successfully adsorbed onto the GNSs surface through \u03c0-\u03c0 interactions. The chemiresistive sensor response of functionalized GNSs toward the low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (0.5\u20132 ppm) was studied and compared with those of the film of pristine GNSs. The tests on the sensing performance clearly showed sensitivity to a low concentration of NO2 (5 ppm). Furthermore, the chemical modification of GNSs significantly improves NO2 sensing performance compared to the pristine GNSs. The sensor response can be modulated by the type of adsorbed molecules. Indeed, Co-Por exhibited negative responsiveness (the response of Co-Por-GNS sensors and pristine GNS devices was 13.1% and 15.6%, respectively, after exposure to 0.5 ppm of NO2). Meanwhile, Fe-Phc-GNSs induced the opposite behavior resulting in an increase in the sensor response (the sensitivity was 8.3% and 7.8% of Fe-Phc-GNSs and pristine GNSs, respectively, at 0.5 ppm NO2 gas).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23041831","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T01:35:17Z","timestamp":1675733717000},"page":"1831","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Solution-Processed Functionalized Graphene Film Prepared by Vacuum Filtration for Flexible NO2 Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mbaye","family":"Dieng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"COSYS-IMSE, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, 77454 Marne-la-Vall\u00e9e, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films, UMR 7647 CNRS\/Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2095-3434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siva","family":"Sankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pingping","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COSYS-IMSE, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, 77454 Marne-la-Vall\u00e9e, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films, UMR 7647 CNRS\/Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2860-3992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ileana","family":"Florea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films, UMR 7647 CNRS\/Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9875-6188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Alpuim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Center of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0299-6764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Capasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7344-2489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abderrahim","family":"Yassar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films, UMR 7647 CNRS\/Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1059-6592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatima Zahra","family":"Bouanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COSYS-IMSE, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, 77454 Marne-la-Vall\u00e9e, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Physics of Interfaces and Thin Films, UMR 7647 CNRS\/Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thiruvengadathan, R., Roy, S.C., Sundriyal, P., and Bhattacharya, S. (2021). Carbon Nanostructures: Fundamentals to Applications, AIP Publishing LLC. 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