{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T16:32:04Z","timestamp":1775665924066,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/EEA\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/EEA\/50008\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The fast growth of Internet-connected embedded devices demands new system capabilities at the network edge, such as provisioning local data services on both limited network and computational resources. The current contribution addresses the previous problem by enhancing the usage of scarce edge resources. It designs, deploys, and tests a new solution that incorporates the positive functional advantages offered by software-defined networking (SDN), network function virtualization (NFV), and fog computing (FC). Our proposal autonomously activates or deactivates embedded virtualized resources, in response to clients\u2019 requests for edge services. Complementing existing literature, the obtained results from extensive tests on our programmable proposal show the superior performance of the proposed elastic edge resource provisioning algorithm, which also assumes an SDN controller with proactive OpenFlow behavior. According to our results, the maximum flow rate for the proactive controller is 15% higher; the maximum delay is 83% smaller; and the loss is 20% smaller compared to when the non-proactive controller is in operation. This improvement in flow quality is complemented by a reduction in control channel workload. The controller also records the time duration of each edge service session, which can enable the accounting of used resources per session.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23052762","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T02:03:08Z","timestamp":1677808988000},"page":"2762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Elastic Provisioning of Network and Computing Resources at the Edge for IoT Services"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Av. das For\u00e7as Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3516-8781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias da Informa\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Av. das For\u00e7as Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0385-8876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui Neto","family":"Marinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologias da Informa\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Av. das For\u00e7as Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"International Data Corporation (IDC) (2020, July 29). 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