{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T03:54:13Z","timestamp":1761710053930,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/140874\/2018","UIDB\/05210\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/140874\/2018","UIDB\/05210\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In chronic shoulder pain, adaptations in the nervous system such as in motoneuron excitability, could contribute to impairments in scapular muscles, perpetuation and recurrence of pain and reduced improvements during rehabilitation. The present cross-sectional study aims to compare trapezius neural excitability between symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. In 12 participants with chronic shoulder pain (symptomatic group) and 12 without shoulder pain (asymptomatic group), the H reflex was evoked in all trapezius muscle parts, through C3\/4 nerve stimulation, and the M-wave through accessory nerve stimulation. The current intensity to evoke the maximum H reflex, the latency and the maximum peak-to-peak amplitude of both the H reflex and M-wave, as well as the ratio between these two variables, were calculated. The percentage of responses was considered. Overall, M-waves were elicited in most participants, while the H reflex was elicited only in 58\u201375% or in 42\u201358% of the asymptomatic and symptomatic participants, respectively. A comparison between groups revealed that the symptomatic group presented a smaller maximum H reflex as a percentage of M-wave from upper trapezius and longer maximal H reflex latency from the lower trapezius (p &lt; 0.05). Subjects with chronic shoulder pain present changes in trapezius H reflex parameters, highlighting the need to consider trapezius neuromuscular control in these individuals\u2019 rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23094217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T03:04:08Z","timestamp":1682305448000},"page":"4217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Differences in Trapezius Muscle H-Reflex between Asymptomatic Subjects and Symptomatic Shoulder Pain Subjects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7001-0157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana S. C.","family":"Melo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rehabilitation Research, ESS (Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade), Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Applied Research in Health, School of Health, Setubal Polytechnic Institute, Campus do IPS Estefanilha, 2914-503 Setubal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Janet L.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Human Performance, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia"},{"name":"Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0494-6752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rehabilitation Research, ESS (Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade), Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8661-3080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rehabilitation Research, ESS (Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade), Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Ascen\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rehabilitation Research, ESS (Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade), Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rehabilitation Research, ESS (Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade), Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rehabilitation Research, ESS (Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade), Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1812-1815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo B.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, Campus do IPS Estefanilha, 2914-503 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4109-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Paulo","family":"Vilas-Boas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP-UP), University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Pl\u00e1cido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9528-1463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia S. P.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rehabilitation Research, ESS (Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade), Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Cortical excitability and neurology: Insights into the pathophysiology","volume":"27","author":"Badawy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Funct. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.math.2011.04.005","article-title":"How to explain central sensitization to patients with \u2018unexplained\u2019 chronic musculoskeletal pain: Practice guidelines","volume":"16","author":"Nijs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Man. 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