{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T16:16:45Z","timestamp":1774973805635,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT) through R&amp;D Units funding","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/05210\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05210\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT) through R&amp;D Units funding","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) through the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte e Programa Operacional Regional de Lisboa 2020","award":["UIDB\/05210\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05210\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) through the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte e Programa Operacional Regional de Lisboa 2020","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000045"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Advancements in modern medicine have bolstered the usage of home-based rehabilitation services for patients, particularly those recovering from diseases or conditions that necessitate a structured rehabilitation process. Understanding the technological factors that can influence the efficacy of home-based rehabilitation is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes. As technologies continue to evolve rapidly, it is imperative to document the current state of the art and elucidate the key features of the hardware and software employed in these rehabilitation systems. This narrative review aims to provide a summary of the modern technological trends and advancements in home-based shoulder rehabilitation scenarios. It specifically focuses on wearable devices, robots, exoskeletons, machine learning, virtual and augmented reality, and serious games. Through an in-depth analysis of existing literature and research, this review presents the state of the art in home-based rehabilitation systems, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Furthermore, this review proposes hypotheses and potential directions for future upgrades and enhancements in these technologies. By exploring the integration of these technologies into home-based rehabilitation, this review aims to shed light on the current landscape and offer insights into the future possibilities for improving patient outcomes and optimizing the effectiveness of home-based rehabilitation programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23167100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]],"date-time":"2023-08-11T12:10:23Z","timestamp":1691755823000},"page":"7100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Home-Based Rehabilitation of the Shoulder Using Auxiliary Systems and Artificial Intelligence: An Overview"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8661-3080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Cunha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rehabilitation Research (CIR), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0494-6752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science\u2014Telecommunications and Multimedia Centre, FEUP, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9528-1463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreia","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Rehabilitation Research (CIR), ESS, Polytechnic of Porto, rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.2.170007","article-title":"\u201cOn-Track\u201d and \u201coff-Track\u201d Shoulder Lesions","volume":"2","author":"Itoi","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-018-0567-3","article-title":"Frozen Shoulder or Shoulder Stiffness from Parkinson Disease?","volume":"103","author":"Papalia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Musculoskelet. 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