{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T01:57:34Z","timestamp":1773367054964,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]],"date-time":"2023-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8887.573100\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8887.573100\/2020-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"CAPES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTTI-31\/18-C.F."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTTI-31\/18-C.F."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["8887.573100\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8887.573100\/2020-00"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["CTTI-31\/18-C.F."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTTI-31\/18-C.F."]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8887.573100\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8887.573100\/2020-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CTTI-31\/18-C.F."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTTI-31\/18-C.F."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Priority-2030 Program of Ural Federal University","award":["8887.573100\/2020-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8887.573100\/2020-00"]}]},{"name":"Priority-2030 Program of Ural Federal University","award":["CTTI-31\/18-C.F."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTTI-31\/18-C.F."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thermoelectric phenomena, such as the Anomalous Nernst and Longitudinal Spin Seebeck Effects, are promising for sensor applications in the area of renewable energy. In the case of flexible electronic materials, the request is even larger because they can be integrated into devices having complex shape surfaces. Here, we reveal that Pt promotes an enhancement of the thermoelectric response in Co-rich ribbon\/Pt heterostructures due to the spin-to-charge conversion. Moreover, we demonstrated that the employment of the thermopiles configuration in this system increases the induced thermoelectric current, a fact related to the considerable decrease in the electric resistance of the system. By comparing present findings with the literature, we were able to design a flexible thermopile based on LSSE without the lithography process. Additionally, the thermoelectric voltage found in the studied flexible heterostructures is comparable to the ones verified for rigid systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23187781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T10:42:49Z","timestamp":1694428969000},"page":"7781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Longitudinal Spin Seebeck Effect Thermopiles Based on Flexible Co-Rich Amorphous Ribbons\/Pt Thin-Film Heterostructures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8904-4151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcio A.","family":"Correa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica das Universidades do Minho e do Porto (CF-UM-UP), Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andrey V.","family":"Svalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5294-0112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica das Universidades do Minho e do Porto (CF-UM-UP), Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"LaPMET\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00edsica para Materiais e Tecnologias Emergentes, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Matheus","family":"Gamino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Edimilson F. da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5907-4106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe","family":"Bohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, RN, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5506-996X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"Vaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica das Universidades do Minho e do Porto (CF-UM-UP), Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"LaPMET\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00edsica para Materiais e Tecnologias Emergentes, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Danniel F.","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias dos Materiais, Universidade Federal da Para\u00edba, Jo\u00e3o Pessoa 58059-900, PB, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3712-1637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galina V.","family":"Kurlyandskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.15330\/pcss.24.1.106-113","article-title":"Magnetic properties and nanocrystallization behavior of Co-based amorphous alloy","volume":"24","author":"Nykyruy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Solid State"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physb.2019.05.017","article-title":"Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of amorphous and nanocomposite soft magnetic ribbons","volume":"568","author":"Murugaiyan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phys. B Condens. Matter"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6209","DOI":"10.1063\/1.358313","article-title":"Sensitive field-and frequency-dependent impedance spectra of amorphous FeCoSiB wire and ribbon","volume":"76","author":"Beach","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volchkov, S.O., Pasynkova, A.A., Derevyanko, M.S., Bukreev, D.A., Kozlov, N.V., Svalov, A.V., and Semirov, A.V. (2021). Magnetoimpedance of CoFeCrSiB Ribbon-Based Sensitive Element with FeNi Covering: Experiment and Modeling. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21206728"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-4247(91)87083-F","article-title":"Magnetic field sensors based on amorphous ribbons","volume":"27","author":"Makhotkin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sens. Act. A Phys."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gazda, P., and Nowicki, M. (2021). Giant Stress-Impedance Effect in CoFeNiMoBSi Alloy in Variation of Applied Magnetic Field. Materials, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14081919"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1007\/s11182-013-9910-1","article-title":"Relationship Between the Temperature Changes of the Magnetostriction Constant and the Impedance of Amorphous Elastically Deformed Soft Magnetic Cobalt-Based Ribbons","volume":"55","author":"Semirov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Russ. Phys. J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1571957","article-title":"Giant-magnetoimpedance-based sensitive element as a model for biosensors","volume":"82","author":"Kurlyandskaya","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00542-014-2342-1","article-title":"Study on the giant magnetoimpedance effect in micro-patterned Co-based amorphous ribbons with single strip structure and tortuous shape","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microsyst. Technol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"497","article-title":"Giant magnetoimpedance","volume":"Volume 15","author":"Buschow","year":"2003","journal-title":"Handbook of Magnetic Materials"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"035005","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/ab4eeb","article-title":"Anomalous Nernst effect in Co2MnSi thin films","volume":"53","author":"Cox","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Phys. D Appl. Phys."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212407","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4921927","article-title":"Separation of spin Seebeck effect and anomalous Nernst effect in Co\/Cu\/YIG","volume":"106","author":"Tian","year":"2015","journal-title":"App. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2856","article-title":"Spin Seebeck insulator","volume":"9","author":"Uchida","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabk1480","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abk1480","article-title":"Large anomalous Nernst effect and nodal plane in an iron-based kagome ferromagnet","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15338","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51971-7","article-title":"Anomalous Nernst effect in stressed magnetostrictive film grown onto flexible substrate","volume":"9","author":"Melo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabf1467","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abf1467","article-title":"Colossal anomalous Nernst effect in a correlated noncentrosymmetric kagome ferromagnet","volume":"7","author":"Asaba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235411","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.80.235411","article-title":"Nernst and Seebeck effects in a graphene nanoribbon","volume":"80","author":"Xing","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Correa, M.A., Ferreira, A., Souza, A.L.R., Neto, J.M.D., Bohn, F., Vaz, F., and Kurlyandskaya, G.V. (2023). Anomalous Nernst Effect in Flexible Co-Based Amorphous Ribbons. Sensors, 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031420"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.9b03822","article-title":"Signatures of the Magnetic Entropy in the Thermopower Signals in Nanoribbons of the Magnetic Weyl Semimetal Co3Sn2S2","volume":"20","author":"Geishendorf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Lett. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2010.12.053","article-title":"Air-oxidation of a Co-based amorphous ribbon at 400\u2013600 \u00b0C","volume":"509","author":"Kai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2006.10.1134","article-title":"Study of GMI-valve characteristics in the Co-based amorphous ribbon by ferromagnetic resonance","volume":"310","author":"Park","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2022.165155","article-title":"Analysis of surface roughness and oxidation of FeNi-based metal amorphous nanocomposite alloys","volume":"912","author":"Egbu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5547","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-011-0544-3","article-title":"Cerium oxide and platinum nanoparticles protect cells from oxidant-mediated apoptosis","volume":"13","author":"Clark","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nanoparticle Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.2c04202","article-title":"Platinum Nanoparticles Anchored on Covalent Triazine Frameworks Modified Cordierite for Efficient Oxidation of Hydrogen Isotopes","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2011.12.031","article-title":"Oxidation protection of Sm2Co17-based alloys","volume":"517","author":"Pragnell","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132414","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4754837","article-title":"Platinum thickness dependence of the inverse spin-Hall voltage from spin pumping in a hybrid yttrium iron garnet\/platinum system","volume":"101","author":"Castel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106601","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.111.106601","article-title":"Damping in Yttrium Iron Garnet Nanoscale Films Capped by Platinum","volume":"111","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"036501","DOI":"10.1088\/0034-4885\/76\/3\/036501","article-title":"Theory of the spin Seebeck effect","volume":"76","author":"Adachi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rep. Prog. Phys."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2090","article-title":"Complex thermoelectric materials","volume":"7","author":"Snyder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07321","article-title":"Observation of the spin Seebeck effect","volume":"455","author":"Uchida","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214421","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.95.214421","article-title":"Longitudinal spin Seebeck effect in permalloy separated from the anomalous Nernst effect: Theory and experiment","volume":"95","author":"Holanda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"093001","DOI":"10.1143\/APEX.5.093001","article-title":"Enchancement of Spin-Seebeck Voltage by Spin-Hall Thermopile","volume":"5","author":"Uchida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Exp."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2906","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.0c00544","article-title":"Amplification of Spin Thermoelectric Signal in Multilayer Spin Thermopiles","volume":"2","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5507","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201505514","article-title":"Utilization of Antiferromagnetic IrMn electrode in Spin thermoelectric devices and their beneficial hybrid for thermopiles","volume":"26","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Func. Mater."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2022.169892","article-title":"Anomalous Nernst thermopile made of single element iron","volume":"563","author":"Weng","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4476","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2008.2002245","article-title":"Giant magnetoimpedance of electrochemically surface modified Co-based amorphous ribbons","volume":"44","author":"Cerdeira","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurlyandskaya, G.V., Lezama, L., Pasynkova, A.A., Volchkov, S.O., Lukshina, V.A., Larra\u00f1aga, A., Dmitrieva, N.V., Timofeeva, A.V., and Orue, I. (2022). Amorphous FeCoCrSiB Ribbons with Tailored Anisotropy for the Development of Magnetic Elements for High Frequency Applications. Materials, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15124160"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-8853(96)00206-5","article-title":"The thermomechanical treatment of an amorphous Co-based alloy with a low Curie temperature","volume":"160","author":"Kurlyandskaya","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Magn. Magn. Mater."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224401","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.87.224401","article-title":"Quantitative study of the spin Hall magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic insulator\/normal metal hybrids","volume":"87","author":"Althammer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6080","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7080","article-title":"Imperceptible magnetoelectronics","volume":"6","author":"Melzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/18\/7781\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:48:12Z","timestamp":1760129292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/23\/18\/7781"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["s23187781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s23187781","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,10]]}}}