{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T16:01:07Z","timestamp":1773331267963,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["EXPL\/EEI-COM\/1089\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXPL\/EEI-COM\/1089\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Urban areas are undergoing significant changes with the rise of smart cities, with technology transforming how cities develop through enhanced connectivity and data-driven services. However, these advancements also bring new challenges, especially in dealing with urban emergencies that can disrupt city life and infrastructure. The emergency management systems have become crucial elements for enabling cities to better handle urban emergencies, although ensuring the reliability and detectability of such system remains critical. This article introduces a new method to perform reliability and detectability assessments. By using Fault Tree Markov chain models, this article evaluates their performance under extreme conditions, providing valuable insights for designing and operating urban emergency systems. These analyses fill a gap in the existing research, offering a comprehensive understanding of emergency management systems functionality in complex urban settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24092955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]],"date-time":"2024-05-06T14:26:11Z","timestamp":1715005571000},"page":"2955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Reliability and Detectability of Emergency Management Systems in Smart Cities under Common Cause Failures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5299-6856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago C.","family":"Jesus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"DTEC-UEFS, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana 44036-900, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6386-9753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Portugal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SYSTEC-ARISE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3988-8476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel G.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SYSTEC-ARISE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3115-0901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Vasques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEGI, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2022.103794","article-title":"Future smart cities: Requirements, emerging technologies, applications, challenges, and future aspects","volume":"129","author":"Javed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2017.09.037","article-title":"Emergency decision making for natural disasters: An overview","volume":"27","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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