{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T16:05:34Z","timestamp":1769184334905,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]],"date-time":"2024-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725062400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["2021.04976.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.04976.BD"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/05913\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05913\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CIFI2D","award":["2021.04976.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.04976.BD"]}]},{"name":"CIFI2D","award":["UIDB\/05913\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05913\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to conduct a biophysical comparison of angular (Biorower) and linear (Concept2) rowing ergometers across a wide spectrum of exercise intensities. Sixteen (eleven male) skilled rowers, aged 29.8 \u00b1 8.6 and 23.6 \u00b1 1.5 years, with international competitive experience, performed 7 \u00d7 3 min bouts with 30 W increments and 60 s intervals, plus 1 min of all-out rowing on both machines with 48 h in between. The ventilatory and kinematical variables were measured breath-by-breath using a telemetric portable gas analyzer and determined using a full-body markerless system, respectively. Similar values of oxygen uptake were observed between ergometers across all intensity domains (e.g., 60.36 \u00b1 8.40 vs. 58.14 \u00b1 7.55 mL\/min\/kg for the Biorower and Concept2 at severe intensity). The rowing rate was higher on the Biorower vs. Concept2 at heavy and severe intensities (27.88 \u00b1 3.22 vs. 25.69 \u00b1 1.99 and 30.63 \u00b1 3.18 vs. 28.94 \u00b1 2.29). Other differences in kinematics were observed across all intensity domains, particularly in the thorax angle at the finish (e.g., 19.44 \u00b1 4.49 vs. 27.51 \u00b1 7.59\u00b0 for the Biorower compared to Concep2 at heavy intensity), likely due to closer alignment of the Biorower with an on-water rowing technique. The overall perceived effort was lower on the Biorower when compared to the Concept2 (14.38 \u00b1 1.76 vs. 15.88 \u00b1 1.88). Rowers presented similar cardiorespiratory function on both rowing ergometers, while important biomechanical differences were observed, possibly due to the Biorower\u2019s closer alignment with an on-water rowing technique.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24175686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T12:54:42Z","timestamp":1725281682000},"page":"5686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Assessment of Angular and Straight Linear Rowing Ergometers at Different Intensities of Exercise"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9722-3910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3574-6692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoel","family":"Rios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4885-4924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Le\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7829-5222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4527-3865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Arturo","family":"Abraldes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group Movement Sciences and Sport (MS&SPORT), Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Campus San Javier, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2885-7666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz B.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIDAF\u2014Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4109-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Vilas-Boas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5811-0443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo J.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindenthaler, J.R., Rice, A.J., Versey, N.G., McKune, A.J., and Welvaert, M. 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