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The electrodes were based on Ti-Cu thin films deposited on different polymeric substrates (polyurethane, polylactic acid, and cellulose) by Direct Current (DC) magnetron sputtering. TiCu0.34 thin films (chemical composition of 25.4 at.% Cu and 74.6 at.% Ti) were prepared by sputtering a composite Ti target. For comparison purposes, a Cu-pure thin film was prepared under the same conditions and used as a reference. Both films exhibited dense microstructures with differences in surface topography and crystalline structure. The degradation process involved immersing TiCu0.34 and Cu-pure thin films in artificial sweat (prepared following the ISO standard 3160-2) for different durations (1 h, 4 h, 24 h, 168 h, and 240 h). ASV was the technique selected to quantify the amount of Cu(II) released by the electrodes immersed in the sweat solution. The optimal analysis conditions were set for 120 s and \u22121.0 V for time deposition and potential deposition, respectively, with a quantification limit of 0.050 ppm and a detection limit of 0.016 ppm. The results showed that TiCu0.34 electrodes on polyurethane substrates were significantly more reliable over time compared to Cu-pure electrodes. After 240 h of immersion, the TiCu0.34 electrodes released a maximum of 0.06 ppm Cu, while Cu-pure electrodes released 16 ppm. The results showed the significant impact of the substrate on the electrode\u2019s longevity, with cellulose bases performing poorly. TiCu0.34 thin films on cellulose released 1.15 \u00b5g\/cm2 of copper after 240 h, compared to 1.12 mg\/cm2 from Cu-pure films deposited on the same substrate. Optical microscopy revealed that electrodes based on polylactic acid substrates were more prone to corrosion over time, whereas TiCu thin-film metallic glass-like structures on PU substrates showed extended lifespan. This study underscored the importance of assessing the degradation of dry biopotential electrodes for e-health applications, contributing to developing more durable and reliable sensing devices. While the study simulated real-world conditions using artificial sweat, it did not involve in vivo measurements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24237477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T09:59:34Z","timestamp":1732528774000},"page":"7477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of Performance and Longevity of Ti-Cu Dry Electrodes: Degradation Analysis Using Anodic Stripping Voltammetry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8263-2320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Margarida","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Centre, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Centre, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2415-6056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dulce","family":"Geraldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Centre, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5294-0112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armando","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"LaPMET\u2014Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8904-4151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcio Assolin","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59078-970, RN, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal 59075-000, RN, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno Pessoa","family":"Barradas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Plasmas e Fus\u00e3o Nuclear, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. 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