{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:30:27Z","timestamp":1777681827072,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","award":["CAPES-Finance Code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAPES-Finance Code 001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In combat sports, precise technique evaluation is crucial for performance optimization; however, traditional systems for evaluating kick performance are frequently unreasonably complicated and costly. This study offers a useful and accessible substitute by introducing a contact mat-based tool that measures the roundhouse kick\u2019s execution time during both the attack and recovery phases and by demonstrating its reliability. The experimental sessions involved 16 male Shotokan karate athletes (age: 25.6 \u00b1 7.1 years; height: 1.74 \u00b1 0.05 m; body mass: 71.5 \u00b1 8.7 kg; body fat percentage: 14.7 \u00b1 6.7%; training experience: 11.0 \u00b1 4.9 years). The protocol included four sessions, starting with a familiarization phase followed by three testing sessions (test, retest, and retest two), during which a standardized warm-up was performed along with the roundhouse kick test. The intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC) used indicated high reliability for the at-tack (ICC = 0.85, 95% CI [0.64, 0.94]), recovery (ICC = 0.89, 95% CI [0.75, 0.96]), and total time (ICC = 0.90, 95% CI [0.76, 0.96]). The Friedman test revealed no significant difference between testing sessions (p &gt; 0.31), demonstrating high reliability and no significant differences between sessions. This study confirms the system as a simple and reliability tool for measuring roundhouse-kick timing in combat sports.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25051420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T06:15:33Z","timestamp":1740550533000},"page":"1420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessing the Reliability of a Combat Sports Kick-Time Device"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8719-5389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Robalino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiab\u00e1 78060-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Luiza Costa","family":"e Silva Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0769-8398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emerson","family":"Franchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, Sport Department, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-060, Brazil"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcio Fagundes","family":"Goethel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4109-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Vilas-Boas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6293-5571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Mez\u00eancio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-060, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9321-749X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacielle Carolina","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiab\u00e1 78060-900, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-021-00345-3","article-title":"Profiling Combat Sports Athletes: Competitive History and Outcomes According to Sports Type and Current Level of Competition","volume":"7","author":"Barley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sports Med. 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