{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:31:48Z","timestamp":1760059908109,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\u2014FCT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/00645\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/00645\/2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Laser energy is widely used as a selective photothermal heating agent in cancer treatment, standing out for not relying on ionizing radiation. However, in vivo tests have highlighted the need to develop irradiation techniques that allow precise control over the illuminated area, adapting it to the tumor size to further minimize damage to surrounding healthy tissue. To address this challenge, a proof of concept based on a laser irradiation system has been designed, enabling control over energy, exposure time, and irradiated area, using galvanometric mirrors. The control software, implemented in Python, employs a set of cameras (visible and infrared) to detect and monitor real-time thermal distributions in the region of interest, transmitting this information to a microcontroller responsible for adjusting the laser power and controlling the scanning process. Image alignment procedures, tunning of the controller\u2019s gain parameters and the impact of the different engineering parameters are illustrated on a dedicated setup. As proof of concept, this approach has demonstrated the ability to irradiate a phantom of black modeling clay within an area of up to 5 cm \u00d7 5 cm, from 15 cm away, as well as to monitor and regulate the temperature over time (5 min).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25144495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T08:47:14Z","timestamp":1753087634000},"page":"4495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Proof of Concept of an Integrated Laser Irradiation and Thermal\/Visible Imaging System for Optimized Photothermal Therapy in Skin Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Diogo","family":"Novas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte da Caparica, 2825-149 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Fortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte da Caparica, 2825-149 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3823-1184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte da Caparica, 2825-149 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4339-0550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o M. P.","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biof\u00edsica e Engenharia Biom\u00e9dica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ferlay, J., Ervik, M., Lam, F., Laversanne, M., Colombet, M., Mery, L., Pi\u00f1eros, M., Znaor, A., Soerjomataram, I., and Bray, F. (2025, April 23). Cancer Today. Available online: https:\/\/gco.iarc.who.int\/today\/en."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"American Cancer Society (2025). Cancer Facts & Figures 2025, American Cancer Society. Available online: https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/content\/dam\/cancer-org\/research\/cancer-facts-and-statistics\/annual-cancer-facts-and-figures\/2025\/2025-cancer-facts-and-figures-acs.pdf."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2025, April 23). 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