{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T19:10:20Z","timestamp":1760037020293,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["COMPETE2030-FEDER-00391100","UIDB\/00760\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COMPETE2030-FEDER-00391100","UIDB\/00760\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Funds through the Portuguese FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["COMPETE2030-FEDER-00391100","UIDB\/00760\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COMPETE2030-FEDER-00391100","UIDB\/00760\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The P300 evoked potential, recorded via electroencephalography, serves as a relevant marker of attentional allocation and cognitive workload. This work extracts and analyzes event-related potentials that reflect variations in the cognitive state of military pilots during a complex simulated flight scenario coupled with simultaneous mental arithmetic tasks. The experiment was conducted at the Academia General del Aire (Spain) with 14 military pilots using a high-fidelity flight simulator. The experimental protocol involved dynamic flight instructions combined with arithmetic tasks designed to elicit varying cognitive loads. The results revealed a significant decrease in P300 amplitude across successive sessions, indicating a progressive reduction in attentional engagement due to task habituation and increased cognitive automaticity. Concurrently, P300 latency for correct responses decreased significantly, demonstrating enhanced efficiency in cognitive stimulus evaluation over repeated exposure. However, incorrect responses failed to yield robust results due to an insufficient number of trials. These findings validate the use of P300 as an objective indicator of cognitive workload variations in realistic aviation contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s25196201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T08:05:36Z","timestamp":1759824336000},"page":"6201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of P300 Evoked Potentials to Determine Pilot Cognitive States"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3121-1532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Germ\u00e1n","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Berm\u00fadez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Cartagena, C\/Coronel L\u00f3pez Pe\u00f1a S\/N, Base A\u00e9rea de San Javier, Santiago de La Ribera, 30720 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Naret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Cartagena, C\/Coronel L\u00f3pez Pe\u00f1a S\/N, Base A\u00e9rea de San Javier, Santiago de La Ribera, 30720 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8120-0148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Rita","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Porto Polytechnic\u2014ISEP and INED and GECAD and IEETA\u2014Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bruno, M. 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