{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T14:00:12Z","timestamp":1774360812500,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of Portugal","award":["2020.09705.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.09705.BD"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P.","award":["UID\/6438\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/6438\/2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Conservation and management of built cultural heritage require multidisciplinary approaches and reliable information to support decision-making. In this context, digital transformation strategies that combine Building Information Modeling (BIM) with monitoring technologies offer significant potential to improve heritage management. This paper presents a monitoring solution based on a wireless network of low-cost Internet of Things (IoT) sensors integrated within a Heritage Building Information Model (HBIM), applied to Monserrate Palace in Sintra, Portugal. The proposed approach covers all implementation stages, including HBIM development from as-built data collection, deployment of a wireless monitoring network for acceleration and environmental parameters, and integration of monitoring data into a BIM-based platform. The system aims to create a Digital Shadow of the building as a step towards a Digital Twin framework, enabling centralized visualization and management of structural and environmental information through the HBIM model and dedicated dashboards. Given the lower accuracy of low-cost sensors, in situ calibration with reference equipment was conducted to validate the recorded data. Implementing monitoring systems in heritage contexts presents challenges, such as limited historical documentation and the need for minimally invasive interventions. Despite these constraints, the proposed solution demonstrates the advantages of integrating monitoring data within HBIM, enabling centralized data management and improved understanding of building performance and conservation needs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s26072015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T12:58:59Z","timestamp":1774357139000},"page":"2015","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Solution for Heritage Monitoring Based on Wireless Low-Cost Sensors and BIM: Application to the Monserrate Palace"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3106-9337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Machete","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CERIS Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4843-6714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio M.","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Diogo M.","family":"Caetano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologias, 1000-029 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3626-7634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Falc\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERIS Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1499-1370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria da Gl\u00f3ria","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERIS Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6503-0644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Bento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CERIS Civil Engineering Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s43238-022-00078-6","article-title":"Introduction: Tourism and built heritage","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Built Heritage"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"ICOMOS\/ISCARSAH (2003). 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