{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T14:15:38Z","timestamp":1765808138813,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CQM Base Fund","award":["UIDB\/00674\/2020","UIDP\/00674\/2020","M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000005","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00674\/2020","UIDP\/00674\/2020","M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000005","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"]}]},{"name":"Programmatic Fund","award":["UIDB\/00674\/2020","UIDP\/00674\/2020","M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000005","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00674\/2020","UIDP\/00674\/2020","M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000005","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"]}]},{"name":"ARDITI-Ag\u00eancia Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Tecnologia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o","award":["UIDB\/00674\/2020","UIDP\/00674\/2020","M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000005","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00674\/2020","UIDP\/00674\/2020","M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000005","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia and Madeira 14-2020 program to the Portuguese Mass Spectrometry Network through PROEQUIPRAM program","award":["UIDB\/00674\/2020","UIDP\/00674\/2020","M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000005","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00674\/2020","UIDP\/00674\/2020","M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000005","M14-20 M1420-01-0145-FEDER-000008"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Separations"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Patulin (PAT) is a mycotoxin produced in fruits, especially in apples, by diverse fungal species that can be transferred into industrial apple juice during processing. An accurate, effective, and selective method has been validated for the quantification of PAT in different commercial apple juices by combining a modified \u00b5-QuEChERS procedure with high-pressure liquid chromatography (LC) equipped with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (QqQMS). This sample extraction procedure reduced interference from the sugar-rich matrix, and the separation was performed using the C18 Atlantis T3 column within 10 min. PAT was found by MS with electrospray negative ionization (ESI\u2212) in the mode of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). The correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.999) satisfied the prerequisite of linearity for PAT in the concentration range of 2\u201350 \u03bcg\/kg. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of PAT were 0.32 and 1.15 \u03bcg\/kg, respectively, which were compliant with the maximum levels settled in Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1881\/2006. The recoveries were within the 92\u2013103% range, at three fortified levels of 2, 20 and 50 \u03bcg\/kg, with relative standard deviations lower than 7%. Based on analytical validation, it was confirmed that the \u00b5-QuEChERS\/HPLC-MS\/MS method is an enhanced, reliable, and quick approach for determination of PAT in apple juice. The current approach proposes reduced sample preparation and analysis time. In addition, it is economical, environmentally friendly, and simpler to implement in comparison to traditional approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/separations10030149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T02:28:57Z","timestamp":1677119337000},"page":"149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["An Improved Analytical Approach Based on \u00b5-QuEChERS Combined with LC-ESI\/MS for Monitoring the Occurrence and Levels of Patulin in Commercial Apple Juices"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1965-3151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 S.","family":"C\u00e2mara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CQM\u2014Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Regional de Veterin\u00e1ria e Seguran\u00e7a Alimentar, Caminho das Quebradas de Baixo, 9000-254 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Regional de Veterin\u00e1ria e Seguran\u00e7a Alimentar, Caminho das Quebradas de Baixo, 9000-254 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Perestrelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQM\u2014Centro de Qu\u00edmica da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s12550-021-00422-2","article-title":"Development and Validation of a Liquid Chromatographic Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method for the Analysis of Patulin in Apple and Apple Juice","volume":"37","author":"Shinde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mycotoxin Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.134066","article-title":"Validated QuEChERS-Based UHPLC-ESI-MS\/MS Method for the Postharvest Control of Patulin (Mycotoxin) Contamination in Red-Pigmented Fruits","volume":"400","author":"Sadok","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2017.01.113","article-title":"Patulin Induced Oxidative Stress Mediated Apoptotic Damage in Mice, and Its Modulation by Green Tea Leaves","volume":"7","author":"Jayashree","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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