{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:23:55Z","timestamp":1760145835295,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural as a Research Unit funded by Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["PCIF\/GFC\/0078\/2018","UIDP\/00100\/2020","LA\/P\/0056\/2020","PCIF\/GFC\/0078\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCIF\/GFC\/0078\/2018","UIDP\/00100\/2020","LA\/P\/0056\/2020","PCIF\/GFC\/0078\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Institute of Molecular Sciences, an Associate Laboratory funded by FCT","award":["PCIF\/GFC\/0078\/2018","UIDP\/00100\/2020","LA\/P\/0056\/2020","PCIF\/GFC\/0078\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCIF\/GFC\/0078\/2018","UIDP\/00100\/2020","LA\/P\/0056\/2020","PCIF\/GFC\/0078\/2018"]}]},{"name":"national funds","award":["PCIF\/GFC\/0078\/2018","UIDP\/00100\/2020","LA\/P\/0056\/2020","PCIF\/GFC\/0078\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PCIF\/GFC\/0078\/2018","UIDP\/00100\/2020","LA\/P\/0056\/2020","PCIF\/GFC\/0078\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Separations"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, headspace\u2013bar adsorptive microextraction (HS-BA\u00b5E) combined with gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to screen the major biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) emitted by six different Portuguese shrub species (Erica scoparia L., Cistus ladanifer L., Cistus monspeliensis L., Lavandula stoechas L., Thymus villosus L., and Thymus camphoratus). The HS-BA\u00b5E\/GC-MS methodology was developed, optimized, and validated using five common monoterpenoids (\u03b1-pinene, \u03b2-pinene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, and thymol) and one sesquiterpenoid (caryophyllene oxide). Under optimized experimental conditions (microextraction-sorbent phase: activated carbon (CN1), 3 h (35 \u00b0C); back-extraction: n-C6 (1 h)), good efficiencies (&gt;45%), low analytical thresholds (5.0\u201315.0 \u00b5g\/L) and suitable linear dynamic ranges (20.0\u2013120.0 \u00b5g\/L, r2 &gt; 0.9872) were achieved, as well as acceptable intra and inter-day precisions (RSD \u2264 30.1%). Benchmarking the proposed methodology, HS-BA\u00b5E(CN1), against the reference methodology, HS-SPME(PDMS\/DVB), revealed comparable analytical responses and demonstrated excellent reproducibility. Among the six shrub species studied, Thymus camphoratus exhibited the highest emissions of BVOCs from its leaves, notably, 1,8-cineole (4136.9 \u00b1 6.3 \u00b5g\/g), \u03b1-pinene (763.9 \u00b1 0.5 \u00b5g\/g), and \u03b2-pinene (259.3 \u00b1 0.5 \u00b5g\/g). It was also the only species found to release caryophyllene oxide (411.4 \u00b1 0.3 \u00b5g\/g). The observed levels suggest that these shrub species could potentially serve as fuel sources in the event of forest fires occurring under extreme conditions. In summary, the proposed methodology proved to be a favorable analytical alternative for screening BVOCs in plants. It not only exhibited remarkable performance but also demonstrated user- and eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and ease of implementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/separations11090264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T04:15:01Z","timestamp":1725855301000},"page":"264","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Screening Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds from Common Portuguese Shrubs Using Headspace\u2013Bar Adsorptive Microextraction (HS-BA\u00b5E)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"J\u00e9ssica S. R. F.","family":"Cerqueira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5785-6780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M. F.","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Qu\u00edmica Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koppmann, R. (2007). Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere, John Wiley & Sons. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470988657"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.12336","article-title":"Biogenic volatile organic compound emissions from vegetation fires","volume":"37","author":"Ciccioli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Plana, E., Front, M., Serra, M., Borr\u00e0s, M., and Vilalta, O. (2016). Fire and Forest Fires in the Mediterranean, Forest Sciences Centre of Catalonia. A Relationship Story between Forests and Society."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.04.034","article-title":"Volatile profile of Spanish Cistus plants as sources of antimicrobials for industrial applications","volume":"74","author":"Elmore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0141yczko, J., Ja\u0142oszy\u0144ski, K., Surma, M., Masztalerz, K., and Szumny, A. (2019). HS-SPME analysis of true lavender (lavandula angustifolia mill.) leaves treated by various drying methods. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24040764"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2008.04.021","article-title":"Comparison of liquid-liquid extraction with headspace methods for the characterization of volatile fractions of commercial hydrolats from typically Mediterranean species","volume":"1193","author":"Paolini","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, O.C., Cerqueira, J.S.R.F., Mestre, A.S., Neng, N.R., and Nogueira, J.M.F. (2023). HS-BA\u03bcE: A New Alternative Approach for VOCs Analysis\u2014Application for Monitoring Biogenic Emissions from Tree Species. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28031179"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2014.958548","article-title":"Analysis of the Volatile Compounds in Thymus vulgaris L. Using Improved HS-SPME-GC-MS and Comparison with Conventional Methods","volume":"17","author":"Soleimani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Essent. Oil-Bear. Plants"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2003.10.049","article-title":"Solid-phase microextraction with on-fiber derivatization for the analysis of anti-inflammatory drugs in water samples","volume":"1024","author":"Carpinteiro","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-009-0299-3","article-title":"Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) Techniques for Quality Characterization of Food Products: A Review","volume":"4","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pawliszyn, J. (2012). Handbook of Solid Phase Microextraction, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-416017-0.00002-4"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2010.09.048","article-title":"Adsorptive micro-extraction techniques-Novel analytical tools for trace levels of polar solutes in aqueous media","volume":"1217","author":"Neng","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2014.11.013","article-title":"Determination of steroid sex hormones in real matrices by bar adsorptive microextraction (BA\u03bcE)","volume":"136","author":"Almeida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2018.02.001","article-title":"New-generation bar adsorptive microextraction (BA\u03bcE) devices for a better eco-user-friendly analytical approach\u2013Application for the determination of antidepressant pharmaceuticals in biological fluids","volume":"153","author":"Ide","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2019.04.035","article-title":"Bar adsorptive microextraction coated with multi-walled carbon nanotube phases\u2014Application for trace analysis of pharmaceuticals in environmental waters","volume":"1600","author":"Abujaber","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. A"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1094\/PDIS-12-13-1258-RE","article-title":"Optimization of headspace solid-phase microextraction conditions for the identification of Phytophthora cinnamomi rands","volume":"98","author":"Qiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-015-2035-5","article-title":"Development of a SPME-GC-MS method for the determination of volatile compounds in Shanxi aged vinegar and its analytical characterization by aroma wheel","volume":"53","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Adams, R.P. (2007). Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatograpy\/Mass Spectrometry, Allured Publishing Corporation. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3147","DOI":"10.1016\/S1352-2310(02)00235-2","article-title":"Light dependency of VOC emissions from selected Mediterranean plant species","volume":"36","author":"Owen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2012.12.034","article-title":"Simultaneous quantitation of volatile compounds in citrus beverage through stir bar sorptive extraction coupled with thermal desorption-programmed temperature vaporization","volume":"107","author":"Cheong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.03.102","article-title":"Optimisation of stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), targeting medium and long-chain free fatty acids in cooked ham exudates","volume":"185","author":"Benet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2014.07.041","article-title":"Method validation using weighted linear regression models for quantification of UV filters in water samples","volume":"131","year":"2015","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"729","article-title":"Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Analysis of Volatile Components of Spices","volume":"55","author":"Cabezucto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chromatographia"}],"container-title":["Separations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2297-8739\/11\/9\/264\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:51:45Z","timestamp":1760111505000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2297-8739\/11\/9\/264"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["separations11090264"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/separations11090264","relation":{},"ISSN":["2297-8739"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2297-8739"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]}}}