{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T03:00:43Z","timestamp":1763348443241,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Regional Development Fund","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029494","PTDC\/EEI-EEE\/29494\/2017","UIDB\/04131\/2020","UIDP\/04131\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029494","PTDC\/EEI-EEE\/29494\/2017","UIDB\/04131\/2020","UIDP\/04131\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029494","PTDC\/EEI-EEE\/29494\/2017","UIDB\/04131\/2020","UIDP\/04131\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029494","PTDC\/EEI-EEE\/29494\/2017","UIDB\/04131\/2020","UIDP\/04131\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Signals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper presents a Python-based simulation technique that can be used to predict the behavior of switch-mode non-isolated (SMNI) DC-DC converters operating in closed loop. The proposed technique can be implemented in an open-source numerical computation software, such as Scilab, Octave or Python, which makes it versatile and portable. The software that will be used to implement the proposed technique is Python, since it is an open-source programming language, unlike MATLAB, which is one of most-used programming and numeric computing platforms to simulate this type of system. The proposed technique requires the discretization of the equations that govern the open-loop operation of the converter, as well as the discretization of the transfer function of the controller. To simplify the implementation of the simulation technique, the code must be subdivided into different modules, which together form a package. The converter under analysis will be a buck converter operating in CCM. The proposed technique can be extended to any other SMNI DC-DC converter. The validation of the proposed technique will be carried out by comparing it with the results obtained in LTspice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/signals3020020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T00:18:11Z","timestamp":1653005891000},"page":"313-325","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Using Python for the Simulation of a Closed-Loop PI Controller for a Buck Converter"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8025-6898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Acacio M. R.","family":"Amaral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CISE\u2014Department of Informatics and Systems, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ISEC, Quinta da Nora, P-3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8737-6999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio J. Marques","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISE\u2014Electromechatronic Systems Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Cal\u00e7ada Fonte do Lameiro, P-6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung, G., Hosani, K., Song, B., Seo, D., Kim, J., and Cho, D. (2021, January 1\u20134). Semi-Dynamic Wireless Power Charging System for Autonomous Electric Vehicle. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference, San Diego, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/WPTC51349.2021.9458092"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammad, K., Rashid, M.F., Rahat, H., Khan, F., and Rahman, K. (2022, January 21\u201322). Detailed Analysis of DC-DC Converters Fed with Solar-PV System with MPPT. 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