{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T17:59:59Z","timestamp":1772042399466,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020.05786. BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.05786. BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04708\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04708\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["2020.05786. BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.05786. BD"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["UIDB\/04708\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04708\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Smart Cities"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Blockchain-related studies that focus on solving AECO (Architecture, Engineering, Construction and Operation) digital management environment issues, such as data protection and data ownership, show the projected benefits of Blockchain-based digital construction environments. However, adopting such technology will require a holistic approach to ensure it does not result in data redundancy, leading to digital system inefficiencies. This article studies the Blockchain construction synergies from the infrastructure point of view to understand its future in construction. The article visualises Blockchain infrastructure elements and fits them within the construction project\u2019s digital environment. A novel framework for Blockchain orchestration and implementation and a blueprint for developing Blockchain applications for construction are presented. The proposed blueprint is then used to develop a Blockchain application using Hyperledger Firefly. The article builds on the previous literature and Blockchain applications on the Ethereum public Blockchain. The expected benefit of such a framework is providing a practical perspective on the implementation side of Blockchain in construction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/smartcities6010031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T03:04:12Z","timestamp":1676948652000},"page":"652-675","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Blockchain Orchestration and Transformation for Construction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7443-8326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Darabseh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT\u2013GEQUALTEC, Faculty of Engineering (FEUP), University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9878-3792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Po\u00e7as Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CONSTRUCT\u2013GEQUALTEC, Faculty of Engineering (FEUP), University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1111\/mice.12804","article-title":"Construction site information decentralized management using blockchain and smart contracts","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. 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