{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:28:36Z","timestamp":1772252916923,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04647\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04647\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Societies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Since the 1970s, the application of microprocessor in industrial machinery and the development of computer systems have transformed the manufacturing landscape. The rapid integration and automation of production systems have outpaced the development of suitable human design criteria, creating a deepening gap between humans and systems in which human was seen as an important source of errors and disruptions. Today, the situation seems different: the scientific and public debate about the concept of Industry 4.0 has raised awareness about the central role humans have to play in manufacturing systems, the design of which must be considered from the very beginning. The future of industrial systems, as represented by Industry 4.0, will rely on the convergence of several research fields such as Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT), but also socio-technical fields such as social approaches within technical systems. This article deals with different human social dimensions associated with CPS and IoT and focuses on their conceptual evolution regarding automated production systems\u2019 sociability, notably by bringing humans back in the loop. Hereby, this paper aims to take stock of current research trends to show the importance of integrating human operators as a part of a socio-technical system based autonomous and intelligent products or resources. Consequently, different models of sociability as a way to integrate humans in the broad sense and\/or the develop future automated production systems have been identified from the literature and analysed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/soc11030098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]],"date-time":"2021-08-12T22:14:36Z","timestamp":1628806476000},"page":"98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Social Dimensions in CPS &amp; IoT Based Automated Production Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hind Bril","family":"El-Haouzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CRAN CNRS UMR 7039, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, F-88000 Epinal, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0153-9118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etienne","family":"Valette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRAN CNRS UMR 7039, Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, F-88000 Epinal, France"}]},{"given":"Bettina-Johanna","family":"Krings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6044-1519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Brand\u00e3o","family":"Moniz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nova School of Sciences and Technology, CICS.NOVA University Nova Lisbon, P-2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Acatech (2013). Securing the Future of German Manufacturing Industry: Recommendations for Implementing the Strategic Initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0\u2014Final Report of the Industrie 4.0 Working Group, German Academy of Science and Engineering. Available online: https:\/\/en.acatech.de\/publication\/recommendations-for-implementing-the-strategic-initiative-industrie-4-0-final-report-of-the-industrie-4-0-working-group\/."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11569-016-0280-3","article-title":"The Vision of \u201cIndustrie 4.0\u201d in the Making\u2014A Case of Future Told, Tamed, and Traded","volume":"11","author":"Pfeiffer","year":"2017","journal-title":"NanoEthics"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"WEF (2016). The Future of Jobs. Employment, Skills and Workforce Strategy for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, World Economic Forum. Available online: http:\/\/www3.weforum.org\/docs\/WEF_Future_of_Jobs.pdf."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"WEF (2015). The Future of Manufacturing: Driving Capabilities, Enabling Investment, World Economic Forum."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butollo, F., J\u00fcrgens, U., and Krzywdzinski, M. (2018). From Lean Production to Industrie 4.0: More Autonomy for Employees?. Discussion Paper SP III 2018-303, WZB Berlin Social Science Center.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-28258-5_3"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2019.1636321","article-title":"Simulation in the design and operation of manufacturing systems: State of the art and new trends","volume":"58","author":"Mourtzis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Autor, D., Mindell, D., and Reynolds, E. (2021, June 17). The Work of the Future: Shaping Technology and Institutions. Available online: http:\/\/workofthefuture.mit.edu.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/14109.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"47","article-title":"Society 5.0: Aiming for a New Human-Centered Society","volume":"1","author":"Fukuyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Jpn. Spot."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Waldenberger, F. (2018). Society 5.0\u2014Japanese Ambition and Initiatives. The Digital Future, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (Hg.). Available online: https:\/\/www.kas.de\/en\/web\/auslandsinformationen\/artikel\/detail\/-\/content\/society-5.0."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deguchi, A., Hirai, C., Matsuoka, H., Nakano, T., Oshima, K., and Tai, M. (2020). What Is Society 5.0?. Society 5.0: A People-Centric Super-Smart Society, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-2989-4_1"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2015.06.318","article-title":"Cyber-physical Systems Architecture for Self-Aware Machines in Industry 4.0 Environment","volume":"48","author":"Bagheri","year":"2015","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guinard, D., Fischer, M., and Trifa, V. (April, January 29). Sharing using social networks in a composable Web of Things. Proceedings of the 2010 8th IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PERCOM Workshops), Mannheim, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOMW.2010.5470524"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-Haouzi, H.B., and Valette, E. (2021, January 7\u20139). Human System Integration as a Key Approach to Design Manufacturing Control System for Industry 4.0: Challenges, Barriers, and Opportunities. Proceedings of the 17th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing, Budapest, Hungary. Available online: https:\/\/incom2021.org\/.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2021.08.031"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econlet.2017.07.001","article-title":"Revisiting the risk of automation","volume":"159","author":"Arntz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Econ. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1162\/003355303322552801","article-title":"The Skill Content of Recent Technological Change: An Empirical Exploration","volume":"118","author":"Autor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Q. J. Econ."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2020.06.010","article-title":"Smart manufacturing process and system automation\u2014A critical review of the standards and envisioned scenarios","volume":"56","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Lyndon, B. (2021, May 20). NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), Available online: https:\/\/ntrs.nasa.gov\/citations\/20150022283."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"(2019). ISO 9241-210 Standard, International Standards Organization. Available online: https:\/\/www.iso.org\/cms\/render\/live\/fr\/sites\/isoorg\/contents\/data\/standard\/07\/75\/77520.html."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Boy, G.A. (2021, March 20). Human-Systems Integration Design: From Virtual to Tangible. Available online: https:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/hal-02424946."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s10111-019-00602-2","article-title":"Pedagogical learning supports based on human\u2013systems inclusion applied to rail flow control","volume":"23","author":"Vanderhaegen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cogn. Technol. Work"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vanderhaegen, F., Nelson, J., Wolff, M., and Mollard, R. (2021, January 7\u20139). From Human-Systems Integration to Human-Systems Inclusion for use-centred inclusive manufacturing control systems. Proceedings of the 17th IFAC Symposium on Information Control Problems in Manufacturing, Budapest, Hungary. Available online: https:\/\/ifac.papercept.net\/conferences\/scripts\/rtf\/INCOM21_ContentListWeb_1.html.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2021.08.029"},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Zollsch, G.K., and Hirsch, H.W. (1964). Social Integration and System Integration. Explorations in Social Change, Routledge."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Majchrzak, A. (1988). The Human Side of Factory Automation, Jossey-Bass Pub."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frey, C.B. (2019). The Technology Gap: Capital, Labor, and Power in the Age of Automation, Princeton University Press.","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691191959"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Bril El-Haouzi, H. (2017). Contribution \u00e0 la Conception et \u00e0 L\u2019\u00e9valuation des Architectures de Pilotage des Syst\u00e8mes de Production Adaptables: Vers une Approche Anthropocentr\u00e9e Pour la Simulation et le Pilotage, Habilitation \u00e0 diriger des recherches; Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moniz, A.B., and Krings, B.-J. (2016). Robots Working with Humans or Humans Working with Robots? Searching for Social Dimensions in New Human-Robot Interaction in Industry. Societies, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/soc6030023"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mechatronics.2015.08.010","article-title":"Engineering insights from an anthropocentric cyber-physical system: A case study for an assembly station","volume":"34","author":"Pirvu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mechatronics"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vincent, J., Taipale, S., Sapio, B., Lugano, G., and Fortunati, L. (2015). Intuitive Interaction Between Humans and Robots in Work Functions at Industrial Environments: The Role of Social Robotics. Social Robots from a Human Perspective, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-15672-9"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Machado, C., and Davim, J.P. (2014). Organisational Challenges of Human\u2013Robot Interaction Systems in Industry: Human Resources Implications. Human Resource Management and Technological Challenges, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-02618-3"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"265","article-title":"Social Factory Architecture: Social Networking Services and Production Scenarios Through the Social Internet of Things, Services and People for the Social Operator 4.0","volume":"513","author":"Romero","year":"2017","journal-title":"IFIP Adv. Inf. Commun. Technol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1257\/aer.20160696","article-title":"The Race between Man and Machine: Implications of Technology for Growth, Factor Shares, and Employment","volume":"108","author":"Acemoglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Valette, E., El-Haouzi, H.B., and Demesure, G. (2020, January 12\u201314). L\u2019humain dans les paradigms de production bas\u00e9s sur les IoT et CPS: \u00c9tat des lieux et perspectives. In Proceedings of the 13\u00e8me Conf\u00e9rence Francophone de Mod\u00e9lisation, Optimisation et Simulation\u2014MOSIM\u201920, Agadir, Morocco. Available online: https:\/\/hal.archives-ouvertes.fr\/hal-03025467\/document."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"11","article-title":"The Many Faces of Agents","volume":"19","author":"Sycara","year":"1998","journal-title":"AI Mag."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2013.31","article-title":"The Future of Human-in-the-Loop Cyber-Physical Systems","volume":"46","author":"Schirner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Lee, E.A. (2006). Cyber-Physical Systems\u2014Are Computing Foundations Adequate?. NSF Workshop on Cyber-Physical Systems: Research Motivation, Techniques and Roadmap, National Science Foundation."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gries, T., and Naud\u00e9, W. (2021, August 04). The Race of Man and Machine: Implications of Technology When Abilities and Demand Constraints Matter. Available online: https:\/\/www.iza.org\/en\/publications\/dp\/14341\/the-race-of-man-and-machine-implications-of-technology-when-abilities-and-demand-constraints-matter.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3846685"},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"97","article-title":"That \u201cInternet of Things\u201d Thing","volume":"22","author":"Ashton","year":"2009","journal-title":"RFID J."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2017.06.011","article-title":"Cyber\u2013physical systems: Extending pervasive sensing from control theory to the Internet of Things","volume":"40","author":"Bordel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pervasive Mob. Comput."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.4236\/jcc.2015.35021","article-title":"Internet of Things (IoT): A literature review","volume":"3","author":"Madakam","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2014.03.115","article-title":"Cyber-physical Production Systems: Roots, Expectations and R&D Challenges","volume":"17","author":"Monostori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bao, X., Liang, H., and Han, L. (2018). Transmission Optimization of Social and Physical Sensor Nodes via Collaborative Beamforming in Cyber-Physical-Social Systems. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18124300"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, Y., Liu, C., Wang, K.I.-K., Huang, H., and Xu, X. (2020). Digital Twin-driven smart manufacturing: Connotation, reference model, applications and research issues. Robot. Comput. Manuf., 61.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2019.101837"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-008-0163-1","article-title":"Actions and social interactions in multi-agent systems","volume":"18","author":"Nguyen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Knowl. Inf. Syst"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1109\/MITP.2016.14","article-title":"Cyber-Physical-Human Systems: Putting People in the Loop","volume":"18","author":"Sowe","year":"2016","journal-title":"IT Prof."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2020.01.002","article-title":"A human-in-the-loop manufacturing control architecture for the next generation of production systems","volume":"54","author":"Cimini","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.30638\/eemj.2019.180","article-title":"Promote sustainability through product design by involving the user","volume":"18","author":"Efkolidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Eng. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, L., Wang, X.V., V\u00e1ncza, J., and Kem\u00e9ny, Z. (2021). Augmented Reality Enabled Human\u2013Robot Collaboration. Advanced Human-Robot Collaboration in Manufacturing, Springer. Available online: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-030-69178-3_16.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-69178-3"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baroroh, D.K., Chu, C.-H., and Wang, L. (2020). Systematic literature review on augmented reality in smart manufacturing: Collaboration between human and computational intelligence. J. Manuf. Syst., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2020.10.017"},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"(2021, April 20). Internet World Stats. Available online: https:\/\/www.internetworldstats.com\/emarketing.htm."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"450","article-title":"A Reliable Communication Framework and its Use in Internet of Things (Iot)","volume":"3","author":"Alam","year":"2018","journal-title":"SSRN Int. J. Sci. Res. Comput. Sci. Eng. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"210","article-title":"Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship","volume":"13","author":"Boyd","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Comput. Commun."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pujol, J.M., Sang\u00fcesa, R., and Delgado, J. (2002, January 15). Extracting reputation in multi agent systems by means of social network topology. Proceedings of the First International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, AAMAS \u201902, New York, NY, USA. Available online: https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/544741.544853.","DOI":"10.1145\/544852.544853"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhukova, N., Thaw, A.M., Tianxing, M., and Nikolay, M. (2020, January 23\u201324). IoT Data Collection Based on Social Network Models. Proceedings of the 2020 26th Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT), Yaroslavl, Russia. Available online: https:\/\/www.fruct.org\/sites\/default\/files\/files\/FRUCT26_Program.pdf.","DOI":"10.23919\/FRUCT48808.2020.9087350"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2019.03.301","article-title":"Enabling Knowledge Transfer through Analytics in Industrial Social Networks","volume":"81","author":"Mourtzis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mfglet.2015.12.002","article-title":"Towards a cyber-physical-social-connected and service-oriented manufacturing paradigm: Social Manufacturing","volume":"7","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Manuf. Lett."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"33","article-title":"The Uncanny Valley","volume":"7","author":"Mori","year":"1970","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2010.104","article-title":"The Emergence of Intelligent Enterprises: From CPS to CPSS","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2011.69","article-title":"Cyber-Physical-Social Systems for Command and Control","volume":"26","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Intell. Syst."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.1625","article-title":"Cyber Physical Socio Ecology","volume":"23","author":"Shi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Concurr. Comput. Pr. Exp."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2011.090911.111340","article-title":"SIoT: Giving a Social Structure to the Internet of Things","volume":"15","author":"Atzori","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Guinard, D. (2011). A Web of Things Application Architecture\u2014Integrating the Real-World into the Web. [Ph.D. Thesis, ETH Zurich]. Available online: https:\/\/www.vs.inf.ethz.ch\/publ\/papers\/dguinard-awebof-2011.pdf."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mala, D.J. (2019). Integrating the Internet of Things Into Software Engineering Practices, IGI Global. Available online: https:\/\/www.igi-global.com\/book\/integrating-internet-things-into-software\/210211.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-5225-7790-4"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.99.4.689","article-title":"The four elementary forms of sociality: Framework for a unified theory of social relations","volume":"99","author":"Fiske","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2012.07.010","article-title":"The Social Internet of Things (SIoT)\u2014When social networks meet the Internet of Things: Concept, architecture and network characterization","volume":"56","author":"Atzori","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valette, E., Demesure, G., El-Haouzi, H.B., and Pannequin, R. (2021). Formal and modelling frameworks for Social Holonic Control Architectures. Comput. Ind., 132.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2021.103521"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1080\/0951192X.2016.1187297","article-title":"On a human-robot collaboration in an assembly cell","volume":"30","author":"Tsarouchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2016.07.826","article-title":"A simulation based approach for enhancing health aspects in production systems by integrating work margins","volume":"49","author":"Etienne","year":"2016","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pintus, A., Carboni, D., Serra, A., and Manchinu, A. Humanizing the Internet of Things\u2014Toward a Human-centered Internet-and-web of Things. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies (20\u201322 May 2015), Available online: http:\/\/www.webist.org\/?y=2015.","DOI":"10.5220\/0005475704980503"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kassner, L., Hirmer, P., Wieland, M., Steimle, F., K\u00f6nigsberger, J., and Mitschang, B. (2017, January 4\u20137). The Social Factory: Connecting People, Machines and Data in Manufacturing for Context Aware Exception Escalation. Proceedings of the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Waikoloa, HI, USA. Available online: https:\/\/aisel.aisnet.org\/hicss-50\/.","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2017.202"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2009.09.009","article-title":"Cooperation of human and machines in assembly lines","volume":"58","author":"Lien","year":"2009","journal-title":"CIRP Ann."}],"container-title":["Societies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4698\/11\/3\/98\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:44:52Z","timestamp":1760165092000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4698\/11\/3\/98"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["soc11030098"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/soc11030098","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.20944\/preprints202107.0557.v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2075-4698"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2075-4698","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,12]]}}}