{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:42:33Z","timestamp":1759970553740,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Societies"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study examines a generation of women born in the 1940s\u20131950s in the Braga region, northern Portugal. It analyzes their relationships with family, school, work, leisure\u00a0and consumption, and religion. The sample considers generation, gender, and social class, focusing on low, medium-low, and medium classes, which predominate in Portuguese society. A qualitative methodology was employed, using Focus Groups and Open Interviews to understand how subjects interpret their life experiences in the analyzed areas and how these experiences\u2019 meanings transform across generations. The initial hypothesis, supported by previous and current research, is that people of the same generation share certain bonds, manifesting in a particular way of being and understanding the world. This distinguishes them from other generations, creating complex intergenerational relationships. These relationships are sometimes oppositional, while other times they result in breaks or separations, and most of the time they transform the experiences and the meaning of the existence of the subjects involved. This reality is what we propose to describe and analyze in the present text, taking as reference the generations of women mentioned above.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/soc15020019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T03:40:17Z","timestamp":1737517217000},"page":"19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Experiences and Meanings of the Existence of a Generation of Women"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4719-3148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Duque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, 1649-023 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Communication and Society Research Centre, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7440-0168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 F. Dur\u00e1n","family":"V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Legal & Labour Sciences, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2307\/40183643","article-title":"El problema de las generaciones","volume":"62","author":"Mannheim","year":"1993","journal-title":"REIS"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Gasset, J.O.Y. (2008). En Torno a Galileo, Alianza Editorial."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4067\/S0718-22362011000100002","article-title":"El concepto de generaci\u00f3n en las teor\u00edas sobre la juventud","volume":"34","author":"Leccardi","year":"2011","journal-title":"\u00daltima D\u00e9cada"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"17","article-title":"Crisis y orientaci\u00f3n. Apuntes sobre el pensamiento de Karl Mannheim","volume":"62","year":"1993","journal-title":"REIS"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1177\/1368431013509681","article-title":"From political to social generations. A critical reappraisal of Manheim\u2019s classical approach","volume":"17","author":"Aboim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soc. Theory"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"131","article-title":"\u201cModos de generaci\u00f3n\u201d de las \u201cgeneraciones sociales\u201d","volume":"2","author":"Mauger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sociol. Hist\u00f3rica"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/0961463X99008002003","article-title":"The Time of Generations","volume":"8","author":"Corsten","year":"1999","journal-title":"Time Soc."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Ricard, F. (2001). La g\u00e9n\u00e9ration Lyrique. Essai Sur la Vie et L\u2019oeuvre des Premiers-N\u00e9s du Baby-Boom, \u00c9ditions Climats."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Mendel, G. (1975). La Crisis de las Generaciones, Pen\u00ednsula."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Mead, M. (1971). Cultura y Compromiso. Estudio Sobre la Ruptura Generacional, Granica."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Bourdieu, P., and Passeron, J.C. (2001). La Reproducci\u00f3n. Elementos Para Una Teor\u00eda del Sistema de Ense\u00f1anza, Editorial Popular."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Foucault, M. (1999). Vigilar y Castigar, C\u00edrculo de Lectores."},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Alonso, L., Mart\u00edn, E., and Moreno, J. (2004). Pierre Bourdieu: Las Herramientas del Soci\u00f3logo, Fundamentos."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"41","article-title":"La recepci\u00f3n de Michel Foucault en M\u00e9jico, EE. UU. y Espa\u00f1a","volume":"35","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Laguna"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"92","article-title":"Discursos dos saberes e das ciencias na Perspectiva de Michel Foucault","volume":"39","author":"Janeira","year":"1983","journal-title":"Rev. Port. De Filos."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Varela, J., and \u00c1lvarez-Ur\u00eda, F. (1991). Arqueolog\u00eda de la Escuela, La Piqueta."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"285","article-title":"A condi\u00e7\u00e3o social da juventude portuguesa","volume":"20","author":"Cruz","year":"1984","journal-title":"An\u00e1lise Soc."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"13","article-title":"A los 30 a\u00f1os del Informe de Juventud de 1985. Investigaci\u00f3n emp\u00edrica y cuestiones te\u00f3ricas","volume":"110","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Juv."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Attias-Donfut, A. (1991). G\u00e9n\u00e9rations et Ages de la Vie, PUF."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Familias y generaciones","volume":"2","author":"Donati","year":"1999","journal-title":"Desacatos"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.so.09.080183.001013","article-title":"Generation as a Sociological Problem","volume":"9","author":"Kertzer","year":"1983","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Sociol."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Mangen, D., and Bengtson, V. (1988). The Measurement of Intergenerational Relations, Sage."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"188","article-title":"Entendiendo las generaciones: Una revisi\u00f3n del concepto, clasificaci\u00f3n y caracter\u00edsticas distintivas de los baby boomers, X y millennials","volume":"11","author":"Roncallo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cl\u00edo Am\u00e9rica"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Feixa, C. (2014). De la Generaci\u00f3n@ a la #Generaci\u00f3n. La Juventud en la era Digital, Ned Ediciones."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.11600\/1692715x.1416301115","article-title":"Generaci\u00f3n Hashtag. Los movimientos juveniles en la era de la web social","volume":"14","author":"Feixa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Latinoam. Cienc. Soc. Ni\u00f1ez Juv."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Ferreira, V., Lobo, M., Rowland, J., and Sanches, E. (2017). Gera\u00e7\u00e3o Mil\u00e9nio?: Um Retrato Social e Politico, ICS."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henseler, C. (2012). Generation X Goes Global. Mapping a Youth Culture in Motion, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203100219"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"12","article-title":"Generation X: A Critical Sociological Perspective","volume":"41","author":"Katz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Generations"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1080\/13676261.2013.815701","article-title":"Work values and beliefs of \u2018Generation X\u2019 and \u2018Generation Y\u2019","volume":"17","author":"Krahn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Youth"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122416681031","article-title":"A New Political Generation: Millennials and the Post-2008 Wave of Protest","volume":"82","author":"Milkman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. Sociol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-40142012000200018","article-title":"Hope in generations with a bleak future","volume":"26","author":"Pais","year":"2012","journal-title":"Estudos avan\u00e7ados"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sep\u00falveda, L., and Moreno, A. (2022). \u00bfUna brecha generacional global?: Juventud y relaciones intergeneracionales en el siglo XXI. Transiciones Educativo-Laborales de J\u00f3venes en Tiempos de Incertidumbre, Ediciones Universidad Alberto Hurtado.","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv3596xhc"},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Collins, R. (2009). Cadenas de Rituales de Interacci\u00f3n, Anthropos."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Bertaux, D. (2005). Los Relatos de Vida. Perspectiva Etnosociol\u00f3gica, Bellaterra."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"626","article-title":"Que trajet\u00f3rias de classe? Uma an\u00e1lise da mobilidade social em duas gera\u00e7\u00f5es de portugueses","volume":"49","author":"Ramos","year":"2014","journal-title":"An\u00e1lise Soc."},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"3","article-title":"O alargamento da escolaridade obrigat\u00f3ria para as meninas portuguesas (1960), uma medida legislativa envergonhada: Sua representa\u00e7\u00e3o nos jornais","volume":"36","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Histedbr"},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Teodoro, A. (2001). A Constru\u00e7\u00e3o Pol\u00edtica da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o. Estado, Mudan\u00e7a Social e Pol\u00edticas Educativas no Portugal Contempor\u00e2neo, Afrontamento."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"381","article-title":"Mobilidade social e atitudes de classe em Portugal","volume":"33","author":"Cabral","year":"1998","journal-title":"An\u00e1lise Soc."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Barreto, A. (1996). A Situa\u00e7\u00e3o Social em Portugal, 1960\u20131999, Imprensa de Ci\u00ean-cias Sociais."},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Joas, H. (2013). La Creatividad en Acci\u00f3n, CIS."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"Joas, H. (2023). El Poder de lo Sagrado. Una Alternativa al Relato del Desencantamiento, Herder."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Bellah, R. (2017). La Religi\u00f3n en la Evoluci\u00f3n Humana. Del Paleol\u00edtico a la Era Axial, CIS."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Berger, P. (1969). El Dosel Sagrado. Elementos Para Una Sociolog\u00eda de la Religi\u00f3n, Amorrortu."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Taylor, C. (1996). Las Fuentes del Yo. La Construcci\u00f3n de la Identidad Moderna, Paid\u00f3s."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"645","article-title":"Las metamorfosis del don: Ofrenda, sacrificio, gracia, substituto t\u00e9cnico de Dios y vida regalada","volume":"54","author":"Beriain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pol\u00edtica Soc."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"25","article-title":"La \u00e9tica protestante y el esp\u00edritu del capitalismo","volume":"Volume I","author":"Weber","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ensayos Sobre Sociolog\u00eda de la Religi\u00f3n"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Turner, V. (1988). El proceso Ritual. Estructura y Antiestructura, Taurus."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Willis, P. (1988). Aprendiendo a Trabajar. C\u00f3mo los Chicos de Clase Obrera Consiguen Trabajos de Clase Obrera, Akal."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moreno, A., and Urraco, M. (2018). The Generational Dimension in Transitions: A Theoretical Review. Societies, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/soc8030049"},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Bourdieu, P. (2008). El Sentido Pr\u00e1ctico, SXXI."},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Bourdieu, P. (2006). La Distinci\u00f3n. Criterios y Bases Sociales del Gusto, Taurus."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"Alexander, J. (2000). La Reduction Critique de Bourdieu, Editions du Cerf."},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Bourdieu, P. (2008). Homo Academicus, SXXI."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1177\/0539018415608967","article-title":"Generations on paper: Bourdieu and the critique of \u201cgenerationalism\u201d","volume":"55","author":"Purhonen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Inf."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Zeitlin, I. (1997). Ideolog\u00eda y Teor\u00eda Sociol\u00f3gica, Amorrortu."},{"key":"ref_56","unstructured":"Giddens, A. (1998). Capitalismo y la Moderna Teor\u00eda Social, Idea."},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Weber, M. (1993). Econom\u00eda y Sociedad, FCE."},{"key":"ref_58","unstructured":"Buchanan, I. (2007). On Jameson. Conversations on Cultural Marxism, Duke University Press."},{"key":"ref_59","unstructured":"Thompson, E.P. (1979). Tiempo, disciplina de trabajo y capitalismo industrial. Tradici\u00f3n, Revuelta y Conciencia de Clase, Critica."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Thompson, E.P. (1995). Costumbres en Com\u00fan, Critica."},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"Arendt, H. (2003). La crisis en educaci\u00f3n. Entre el Pasado y el Futuro. Ocho Ejercicios Sobre la Reflexi\u00f3n Pol\u00edtica, Paid\u00f3s."}],"container-title":["Societies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4698\/15\/2\/19\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:33:20Z","timestamp":1759919600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4698\/15\/2\/19"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["soc15020019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/soc15020019","relation":{},"ISSN":["2075-4698"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2075-4698"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]}}}