{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T22:46:50Z","timestamp":1776206810443,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Social Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This research aims to study the determinants of entrepreneurial intention in academia and compare the outcomes from two different moments, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, a quantitative methodology was used, whereby a questionnaire was given to higher education students in these two chronological moments. From the obtained results, it was possible to ascertain that, given the motivational dimension, the attitude towards behavior and perceived behavioral control are having a positive impact on entrepreneurial intentions during the pandemic and that subjective norms have a negative impact on entrepreneurial intentions. This relationship of influences is unchanged, either before or during the pandemic. Regarding the environmental dimension, both of the variables under analysis are having a negative impact on entrepreneurial intention during the pandemic period, which corresponds to an aggravation or loss of positive influences when compared to the context before the pandemic, and the next assessment had a positive impact on entrepreneurial intentions. On the theoretical contributions, the findings are very important, as they strengthen the literature on entrepreneurial intentions, and in specific contexts of social and economic instability. As for practical contributions, this research suggests actions to agents with an important intervention role in the community, one of these agents is Higher Education Institutions, which play a determining role by creating a positive environment to support their students\u2019 entrepreneurial intent. This research is original, as far as we are informed, and it is the first to study entrepreneurial intention in academia during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Portuguese context. Moreover, we suggest that the obtained results should be succeeded by further studies to confirm the evolutionary trends now identified on the subject under analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci10050181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T06:13:45Z","timestamp":1621491225000},"page":"181","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Opening the \u201cBlack Box\u201d of University Entrepreneurial Intention in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0326-0655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"REMIT\u2014Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies, University Portucalense, R. Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida 541, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1201-9636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlene","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS.NOVA\u2014Interdisciplinary Center for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences (FCSH\/NOVA) &amp; Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Rua General Norton de Matos, Apartado 4133, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9187-6117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICS.NOVA\u2014Interdisciplinary Center for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences (FCSH\/NOVA) &amp; Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Rua General Norton de Matos, Apartado 4133, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4014-8491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics and Management, University of Minho, Largo do Pa\u00e7o, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6614-7126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcio","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NECE\u2014Research Unit in Business Sciences &amp; Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Rua General Norton de Matos, Apartado 4133, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2968-4026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o M.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NECE\u2014Research Unit in Business Sciences, University of Beira Interior &amp; Miguel Torga Institute of Higher Education, Largo Cruz de Celas No. 1, 3000-132 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T","article-title":"The Theory of Planned Behavior","volume":"50","author":"Ajzen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00236.x","article-title":"Perceived Behavioral Control, Self-Efficacy, Locus of Control, and the Theory of Planned Behavior1","volume":"32","author":"Ajzen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Social Psychology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.5958\/2321-2012.2021.00008.7","article-title":"Entrepreneurial Intention Among Students from College of Business Administration at Northern Border University: An Exploratory Study","volume":"17","author":"Aljaaidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Smart-Journal of Business Management Studies"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.5958\/2321-2012.2021.00007.5","article-title":"Personality Traits, Self-Efficacy, and Students\u2019 Entrepreneurial Intention Towards Entrepreneurship\u2014Is There a Contextual Difference","volume":"17","author":"Alnasser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Smart-Journal of Business Management Studies"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1108\/IJEBR-12-2015-0326","article-title":"Entrepreneurial Intention in the Time of Crisis: A Field Study","volume":"22","author":"Arrighetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s00168-015-0685-x","article-title":"Entrepreneurship and Economic Development in Cities","volume":"55","author":"Audretsch","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Annals of Regional Science"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/14632440110094632","article-title":"Entrepreneurial Intent Among Students in Scandinavia and in the USA","volume":"2","author":"Autio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Enterprise and Innovation Management Studies"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Bandura, Albert (1986). 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