{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:43:08Z","timestamp":1761766988498,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Social Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study analyzed whether one\u2019s work orientation can be organized into work orientation profiles beyond the three pure orientations of job, career, and calling. We tested the existence of these hybrid work orientations in a sample of 959 adults aged from 18 to 71 years old (M = 40.61, SD = 9.54). A cluster analysis showed that the best result consisted of four profiles: \u201cCareer-Calling\u201d, \u201cCareer-Job\u201d, \u201cPure Job\u201d, and \u201cIndifference\u201d. Theoretical and practical implications of profile approach to the study of work orientations are discussed at the end.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci10080284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T09:25:52Z","timestamp":1627291552000},"page":"284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Why Do People Work? An Empirical Test of Hybrid Work Orientations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6008-3475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana","family":"Pitacho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Administra\u00e7\u00e3o de Pol\u00edticas P\u00fablicas, Instituto Superior de Ci\u00eancias Sociais e Pol\u00edticas-Universidade Lisboa (ISCSP-UL), 1300-663 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"ISHIP\u2014Transdisciplinary Research Center, Instituto Superior Manuel Teixeira Gomes, 8500-656 Portim\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia Jardim","family":"da Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Administra\u00e7\u00e3o de Pol\u00edticas P\u00fablicas, Instituto Superior de Ci\u00eancias Sociais e Pol\u00edticas-Universidade Lisboa (ISCSP-UL), 1300-663 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3111-9843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Administra\u00e7\u00e3o de Pol\u00edticas P\u00fablicas, Instituto Superior de Ci\u00eancias Sociais e Pol\u00edticas-Universidade Lisboa (ISCSP-UL), 1300-663 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miguel Pereira","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Administra\u00e7\u00e3o de Pol\u00edticas P\u00fablicas, Instituto Superior de Ci\u00eancias Sociais e Pol\u00edticas-Universidade Lisboa (ISCSP-UL), 1300-663 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1177\/1069072713498574","article-title":"Calling, Goals, and Life Satisfaction: A Moderated Mediation Model","volume":"22","author":"Allan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Career Assessment"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1177\/1069072716665860","article-title":"Career Calling in India and the United States: A Cross-Cultural Measurement Study","volume":"25","author":"Autin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Career Assessment"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"Bellah, Robert, Madsen, Richard, Sullivan, William, Swidler, Ann, and Tipton, Steven (1985). 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