{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T00:27:19Z","timestamp":1760228839379,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04020\/2020\u2014CINTURS BASE","CIP-UID\/PSI\/04345\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04020\/2020\u2014CINTURS BASE","CIP-UID\/PSI\/04345\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Social Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article describes some preliminary data on the implementation of the Family Education and Support Programme (FAF) on psychosocially at-risk families of Boavista Island, Cape Verde, specifically in relation to its effectiveness in parenting competences. The FAF is a family intervention programme designed to be integrated into preventive and formative actions and it has the purpose of promoting positive parenting and preventing child abuse. This study aims to (a) describe the participants\u2019 psychosocial profile regarding sociodemographic characteristics and negative or risky life events, (b) analyse the effectiveness of the FAF on improving parenting competences, and (c) address the main procedural topics related to the implementation of the FAF in Cape Verde. An experiential and participatory methodology was used with 66 parents, who participated in 12 group sessions, with a weekly periodicity, for four months. The evaluation was performed, in the pre-test and post-test, with the control group and the intervention group. Results show the effectiveness of the FAF in an African context, including its impact. The intervention group improved their post-intervention scores on perceived efficacy and satisfaction with a moderate and high effect size, respectively. We present some recommendations to be considered in future programs to promote positive parenting, since improvements in parents\u2019 competences, are key to reducing neglectful or abusive situations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci11060232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T08:41:33Z","timestamp":1653468093000},"page":"232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Family Education and Support Programme: Implementation and Cultural Adaptation in Cape Verde"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Adriana","family":"Correia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CinTurs, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rafaela","family":"Matavelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CinTurs, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0667-0139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisca Ferreira","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Research Centre (CIP-UAL), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9179-2722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Sevillhe, 41018 Seville, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2019-1011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saul Neves de","family":"Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CinTurs, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1009-0519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Research Centre (CIP-UAL), Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/cfs.12678","article-title":"Patterns of individual change and program satisfaction in a positive parenting program for parents at psychosocial risk","volume":"25","author":"Byrne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child & Family Social Work"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Dixon, Louise, Perkins, Daniel, Hamilton-Giachritsis, Catherine, and Craig, Leam (2017). Critical factors in the successful implementation of evidence-based parenting programmes: Fidelity, adaptation and promoting quality. Critical Factors in the Successful Implementation of Evidence-Based Parenting Programmes, Wiley."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-017-1807-x","article-title":"An Ecological Model of Well-Being in Child Welfare Referred Children","volume":"140","author":"Jesus","year":"2018","journal-title":"Social Indicators Research"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731517725184","article-title":"The effectiveness of parenting programs","volume":"28","author":"Barlow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Research on Social Work Practice"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beasley, Lana O., Jespersen, Jens E., Morris, Amanda S., Farra, Aisha, and Hays-Grudo, Jennifer (2022). Parenting challenges and opportunities among families living in poverty. Social Sciences, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci11030119"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2307\/1129836","article-title":"The determinants of parenting: A process model","volume":"55","author":"Belsky","year":"1984","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ben David, Vered (2021). Associations between Parental Mental Health and Child Maltreatment: The Importance of Family Characteristics. Social Sciences, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci10060190"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-010-0186-1","article-title":"Putting the pieces together: An integrated model of program implementation","volume":"12","author":"Berkel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prevention Science"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michalos, Alex C. (2014). Parental Satisfaction and Child Maltreatment. Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-0753-5"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(01)00275-7","article-title":"Family preservation and family support programs: Child maltreatment outcomes across client risk levels and program types","volume":"25","author":"Chaffin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cluver, Lucie, Meinck, Franziska, Yakubovich, Alexa, Doubt, Jenny, Redfern, Alice, Ward, Catherine, Salah, Nasteha, Stone, Sachin, Petersen, Tshiamo, and Mpimpilashe, Phelisa (2016). Reducing child abuse amongst adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: A pre-post trial in South Africa. BMC Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3262-z"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cluver, Lucie, Meinck, Franziska, Steinert, Janina, Shenderovich, Yulia, Doubt, Jenny, Herrero-Romero, Rocio, Lombard, Carl, Redfern, Alice, Ward, Catherine, and Tsoanyane, Sibongile (2018). Parenting for lifelong health: A pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of a non-commercialised parenting programme for adolescents and their families in South Africa. BMJ Global Health, 3.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000539"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"24","article-title":"Forma\u00e7\u00e3o e apoio familiar em cabo verde. O relato da experi\u00eancia dos t\u00e9cnicos e dos participantes","volume":"2","author":"Correia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Revista Psicologia e Educa\u00e7\u00e3o On-Line"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"9","article-title":"An\u00e1lisis del maltrato f\u00edsico en la familia y su influencia en variables del contexto educativo","volume":"51","author":"Kostova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Interamerican Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-009-0166-5","article-title":"Tracing Changes in Families Who Participated in the Home-Start Parenting Program: Parental Sense of Competence as Mechanism of Change","volume":"11","author":"Dekovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prevention Science"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aogh.2017.10.021","article-title":"\u201cIt Has Changed\u201d: Understanding Change in a Parenting Program in South Africa","volume":"83","author":"Doubt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annals of Global Health"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1080\/00020184.2020.1866921","article-title":"Identities, exclusionism and politics in Africa","volume":"79","author":"Etieyibo","year":"2020","journal-title":"African Studies"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"61","article-title":"Parental styles and harsh parenting in a sample of Mexican women: A structural model","volume":"38","year":"2017","journal-title":"Interamerican Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.5093\/pi2019a4","article-title":"Implementation Factors that Predict Positive Outcomes in a Community-based Intervention Program for at-Risk Adolescents","volume":"28","author":"Byrne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychosocial Intervention"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2015.1015134","article-title":"Transporting evidence-based parenting programs for child problem behavior (age 3\u201310) between countries: Systematic review and metaanalysis","volume":"45","author":"Gardner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-017-0808-y","article-title":"Expanding the cultural adaptation framework for population-level impact","volume":"18","author":"Gonzales","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prevention Science"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.02035","article-title":"Sustained effectiveness of evidence-based parenting programs after the research trial ends","volume":"9","author":"Gray","year":"2018","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psycholology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.5231\/psy.writ.2014.1211","article-title":"Evaluaci\u00f3n de la implementaci\u00f3n del Programa de Formaci\u00f3n y Apoyo Familiar en Servicios Sociales","volume":"7","author":"Hidalgo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Escritos de Psicologia"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psi.2016.03.002","article-title":"\u201cFamily Education and Support\u201d program for families at psychosocial risk: The role of implementation process","volume":"25","author":"Hidalgo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychosocial Intervention"},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Hidalgo, Victoria, Men\u00e9ndez, Susana, S\u00e1nchez, Jos\u00e9, Lorence, B\u00e1rbara, and Jim\u00e9nez, Luc\u00eda (2011). Programa de Formaci\u00f3n y Apoyo Familiar, Ayuntamiento de Sevilla."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Hidalgo, Victoria, Men\u00e9ndez, Susana, S\u00e1nchez, Jos\u00e9, L\u00f3pez, Marisa, Jim\u00e9nez, Luc\u00eda, and Lorence, B\u00e1rbara (2005). Inventario de Situaciones Estresantes y de Riesgo, University of Seville. Unpublished Document."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4079","article-title":"Global prevalence of past-year violence against children: A systematic review and minimum estimates","volume":"137","author":"Hillis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica [INE] Cabo Verde (2017). Curiosidades sobre a crian\u00e7a em Cabo Verde, Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"91","article-title":"La incorporaci\u00f3n de pr\u00e1cticas basadas en evidencias en el trabajo con familias: Los programas de promoci\u00f3n de parentalidad positiva","volume":"34","author":"Hidalgo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Apuntes de Psicolog\u00eda"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12665","article-title":"Family education and support for families at psychosocial risk in Europe: Evidence from a survey of international experts","volume":"27","author":"Lorence","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health & Social Care in the Community"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp1802_8","article-title":"A measure of parenting satisfaction and efficacy","volume":"18","author":"Johnston","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Child Psychology"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.12.004","article-title":"Potential roles of parental self-efficacy in parent and child adjustment: A review","volume":"25","author":"Jones","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-012-0314-1","article-title":"Improving positive parenting competences and reducing harsh and abusive parenting in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Knerr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prevention Science"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016863921662","article-title":"Putting parenting in perspective: A discussion of the contextual factors that shape parenting practices","volume":"11","author":"Kotchick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11133-0","article-title":"The world report on violence and health","volume":"360","author":"Krug","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1019902902119","article-title":"Cultural Sensitivity and Adaptation in Family-Based Prevention Interventions","volume":"3","author":"Kumpfer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prevention Science: The Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-016-0389-6","article-title":"Integrating evidence and context to develop a parenting program for low-income families in South Africa","volume":"25","author":"Lachman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.08.014","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of a parenting program to reduce the risk of child maltreatment in South Africa","volume":"72","author":"Lachman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponzetti, James J. (2016). Future trends in parenting education. Evidence-Based Parenting Education: A Global Perspective, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315766676"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"77","article-title":"Evaluaci\u00f3n de la implementaci\u00f3n del Programa de Formaci\u00f3n y Apoyo Familiar con familias peruanas","volume":"34","author":"Maya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Apuntes de Psicolog\u00eda"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-012-0116-9","article-title":"A review of parenting programs in developing countries: Opportunities and challenges for preventing emotional and behavioral difficulties in children","volume":"15","author":"Mejia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"155","article-title":"Parenting sense of competence in at psychosocial risk families and child well-being","volume":"16","author":"Nunes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bord\u00f3n, Revista de Pedagog\u00eda"},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Nunes, Cristina, and Ayala-Nunes, Lara (2019). Fam\u00edlias em Risco Psicossocial. Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o e Interven\u00e7\u00e3o Psicoeducativa, S\u00edlabas e desafios."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/cfs.12159","article-title":"Psychometric properties of an adapted version of the parental sense of competence (PSOC) scale for Portuguese at-risk parents\u2019","volume":"21","author":"Nunes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child & Family Social Work"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1177\/0081246318792397","article-title":"Assessing the effects of a parenting education program on parental ability to use positive behavior control strategies","volume":"49","author":"Ogidan","year":"2019","journal-title":"South African Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"Rodrigo, Maria, Amor\u00f3s, Pere, Arranz, Enrique, Hidalgo, Victoria, M\u00e1iquez, Maria Luisa, Mart\u00edn, Juan, Gonz\u00e1lez, Raquel-Amaya, and Ochaita, Esperanza (2015). Gu\u00eda de Buenas Pr\u00e1cticas en Parentalidad Positiva. Un Recurso Para Apoyar la Pr\u00e1ctica Profesional con Familias, Federaci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola de Municipios y Provincias."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1017\/bec.2019.3","article-title":"Harnessing the Power of Positive Parenting to Promote Wellbeing of Children, Parents and Communities over a Lifetime","volume":"36","author":"Sanders","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behaviour Change"},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"62","article-title":"A population approach to the prevention of child maltreatment: Rationale and implications for research, policy and practice","volume":"100","author":"Sanders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Family Matters"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-018-0941-2","article-title":"What affects attendance and engagement in a parenting program in South Africa?","volume":"19","author":"Shenderovich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prevention Science"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-018-01319-y","article-title":"Delivering a Parenting Program in South Africa: The Impact of Implementation on Outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Shenderovich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Child and Family Studies"},{"key":"ref_51","unstructured":"Tabachnick, Barbara G., Fidell, Linda S., and Ullman, Jodie B. (2019). Using Multivariate Statistics, Pearson. [7th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.11.002","article-title":"Preventing child maltreatment in low-and middle-income countries. Parent support programs have the potential to buffer the effects of poverty","volume":"54","author":"Ward","year":"2016","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13129","article-title":"Parenting for Lifelong Health for young children: A randomized controlled trial of a parenting program in South Africa to prevent harsh parenting and child conduct problems","volume":"61","author":"Ward","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4314\/sacq.v54i1.2","article-title":"A \u201cbest buy\u201d for violence prevention: Evaluating parenting competences programmes","volume":"54","author":"Wessels","year":"2015","journal-title":"South African Crime Quarterly"},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2016). INSPIRE: Seven Strategies for Ending Violence against Children, WHO."}],"container-title":["Social Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0760\/11\/6\/232\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:18:15Z","timestamp":1760138295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-0760\/11\/6\/232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["socsci11060232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/socsci11060232","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-0760"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-0760"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]}}}