{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T10:10:52Z","timestamp":1760609452011,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]],"date-time":"2022-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/00727\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00727\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Social Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cleaning services are a transversal activity that guarantees the proper functioning and conditions of safety, hygiene, and health across all economic sectors. The COVID-19 pandemic increased the need for clean, sanitary spaces, particularly in health services and other areas with a large number of people. The workers in these services were often placed on the frontline without any specific training or information. Their low average schooling aggravated this situation. Therefore, exploring these workers\u2019 perceptions about the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential influence on their mental health was the primary goal of our research. Structured interviews were conducted based on questionnaires in a sample of 436 women. Their characterisation focused on three aspects related to the pandemic. First, to prevent infecting others (85.5%) and that people close to them could die (86.0%) were the dominant concerns; second, the feeling of permanent vigilance was mentioned (56.2%); and third, the fear of not getting medical care (60.7%). Thus, the workers felt there was a need for more dissemination of individual protection measures, as well as more training, better general working conditions, and access to psychological counselling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci11070276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T00:07:02Z","timestamp":1656374822000},"page":"276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cleaning in Times of Pandemic: Perceptions of COVID-19 Risks among Workers in Facility Services"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Isabel","family":"Dias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Sociology of the University of Porto, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Porto, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4584-5563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for English, Translation and Anglo-American Studies (CETAPS), Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Porto, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Porto, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Porto, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8524-5503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Santos","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aeronautics (PROA\/LAETA), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1177\/0022185618769956","article-title":"The (dis) advantages of sector-level bargaining: Outsourcing of cleaning work and the segmentation of the Israeli industrial relations system","volume":"60","author":"Bondy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Industrial Relations"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.29.010202.100016","article-title":"The intersection of gender and race in the labor market","volume":"29","author":"Browne","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annual Review of Sociology"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brugi\u00e8re, Fabien (2017). 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